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EB病毒与人类多种肿瘤密切相关,包括移植后淋巴细胞增生症(PTLD)、伯基特淋巴瘤(BL)、艾滋病(AIDS)、部分鼻咽癌(NPC)及霍奇金病(HD)。由于传统放化疗不良反应明显且对顽固性或复发性肿瘤疗效甚微,故肿瘤免疫治疗显得十分重要。肿瘤细胞中EBV感染特性决定了抗原表达类型及细胞免疫靶向。免疫治疗策略从剔除EBV感染B细胞,如抗-B细胞单克隆抗体,延伸至恢复正常细胞免疫,包括过继性细胞毒性T淋巴细胞(CTL)治疗、肿瘤疫苗及基因治疗。尽管过继性CTLs治疗PTLD的先期成功,引导当今研究评估其治疗NPC和HD的可行性及有效性,但因转移T细胞短暂的持续性及肿瘤逃避机制而限制了T细胞疗法的广泛开展。此外,基于体外培养基础上的T细胞治疗,在肿瘤高发的发展中地区无法广泛应用,故肿瘤疫苗和基因治疗需进一步提高。总之,当前仍需要可从遗传学上改善输注T细胞功能及调整宿主内环境的有效策略。同理于肿瘤疫苗和基因治疗,需要一个更谨慎,适合批量生产及最终可进行人体注射的方法来发展针对EBV相关肿瘤的疫苗和基因治疗。本文综述了目前国内外针对EBV相关肿瘤免疫治疗的机制及现状。
Epstein-Barr virus is closely related to many human tumors including post-transplant lymphoproliferative (PTLD), Burkitt’s lymphoma (BL), AIDS, partial nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC), and Hodgkin’s disease (HD) . As the traditional chemotherapy and chemotherapy adverse reactions and refractory or recurrent tumors with little effect, so the tumor immunotherapy is very important. EBV infection in tumor cells determines the type of antigen expression and cellular immune targeting. Immunotherapeutic strategies extend EBV-infected B cells, such as anti-B-cell monoclonal antibodies, back to normal cellular immunity, including adoptive cytotoxic T lymphocyte (CTL) therapy, oncology vaccines, and gene therapy. Although the success of adoptive CTLs in the treatment of PTLD leads the current research to assess the feasibility and effectiveness of its treatment of NPC and HD, the widespread use of T-cell therapy has been limited by the transient persistence of T-cells and the tumor evasion mechanism. In addition, T cell therapy based on in vitro culture can not be widely used in the developing areas with high incidence of tumors, so tumor vaccines and gene therapy need to be further improved. In conclusion, there is still a need for an effective strategy that can genetically improve the function of T cells and regulate the environment in the host. Similarly, in the case of cancer vaccines and gene therapy, a more cautious approach to mass production and eventually human injections is needed to develop vaccines and gene therapy for EBV-associated tumors. This review summarizes the mechanisms and current status of EBV-related tumor immunotherapy at home and abroad.