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目的分析莆田市5岁以下儿童死亡率和死亡谱的变化,为制定干预措施提供依据。方法对2006—2015年莆田市≤5岁儿童死亡监测资料和妇幼卫生年报表主要指标进行分析。结果 10年来莆田市新生儿、婴儿、1~4岁、≤5岁儿童死亡率呈下降趋势,2015年分别为2.50‰、4.14‰、5.64‰和,1.51‰,年均递减13.8%、11.3%、9.9%和5.0%。新生儿、婴儿和≤5岁儿童前5位死因为早产和低出生体重、出生窒息、肺炎、先天性心脏病和其他先天异常,1~4岁儿童为肺炎、溺水、交通意外、先天性心脏病和其他意外。儿童死亡率随着孕产妇住院分娩率、孕产妇系统管理率的提高而下降。结论早产和低出生体重、出生窒息、肺炎、先天异常和意外伤害是莆田市5岁以下儿童的主要死因。应加强产前筛查、产前诊断和围产期保健管理,推广新生儿窒息复苏术和儿童急性呼吸道病例管理,加强意外伤害预防,降低儿童死亡率。
Objective To analyze the changes of mortality and death spectrum in children under 5 years of age in Putian and provide the basis for the formulation of intervention measures. Methods The main indicators of death monitoring data and maternal and child health annual reports of children less than 5 years old in Putian from 2006 to 2015 were analyzed. Results The death rates of newborns, infants, 1 to 4 years old, and children less than 5 years old in Putian City ten years decreased from 2.50 ‰, 4.14 ‰, 5.64 ‰ and 1.51 ‰ in 2015 with an average annual decrease of 13.8% and 11.3% , 9.9% and 5.0% respectively. Newborns, infants and the top 5 children ≤ 5 years of age died of preterm birth and low birth weight, birth asphyxia, pneumonia, congenital heart disease and other congenital abnormalities. Children 1-4 years of age were pneumonia, drowning, traffic accidents, congenital heart disease Illness and other accidents. Child mortality has been declining as maternal hospital delivery and maternal system management have increased. Conclusions Premature birth and low birth weight, birth asphyxia, pneumonia, congenital anomalies and accidental injuries are the major causes of death in children under 5 years of age in Putian City. Prenatal screening, prenatal diagnosis and perinatal care management should be strengthened, neonatal asphyxia recovery and pediatric cases of acute respiratory diseases should be promoted, prevention of accidental injuries strengthened, and child mortality reduced.