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上个世界80年代初期,以智利为代表的一批国家在养老保险制度方面推行了以积累制代替原有现收现付制为主要内容的私有化改革。此后,“智利模式”受到了广泛的学术关注,有关积累制养老保险的研究层出不穷。本文首先回顾了积累制养老保险的两个理论基础——世代交叠模型和生命周期理论,在此基础上从国民储蓄、劳动力市场和资本市场三个方面分析了积累制养老保险制度的宏观经济影响。最后从积累制养老保险制度实践层面上选取了四个有代表性的国家,并分别介绍了各自的养老保险制度。
In the early 1980s, a group of countries represented by Chile introduced the privatization reform that focused on the accumulation of savings instead of the existing pay-as-you-go system in respect of the pension insurance system. Since then, “Chilean Model” has received extensive academic attention, and research on accumulated pension insurance is emerging. This article first reviews the two theoretical foundations of accumulated pension insurance-generation overlap model and life cycle theory. On the basis of this, it analyzes the macro-economy of accumulated pension insurance system from three aspects: national savings, labor market and capital market influences. Finally, four representative countries were selected from the aspect of the system of accumulating old-age insurance and the respective pension systems were introduced.