目的比较2010年和2014年广州市中小学生龋齿状况,为中小学生的龋病防治工作提供参考。方法选取广州市2010和2014年全国学生体质与健康调研点校,分层随机整群抽取7,9,12,14及17岁组3 989名汉族学生组成研究样本,由口腔医生专人、专项采用“中国学生体质与健康调研检测细则”中的龋齿检查方法进行检查。结果 2010和2014年中小学生乳牙患龋率分别为33.10%,28.19%,龋充填率分别为16.70%,18.26%;恒牙患龋率分别为18.13%,10.11%,龋充填率分别为50.92%,68.91%。城市学生乳牙患龋率分别为21.0%,15.0%,龋充填率分别为43.2%,33.5%;恒牙患龋率分别为14.00%,7.01%,龋充填率分别为63.80%和74.0%。乡村学生乳牙患龋率分别为45.2%,41.3%,龋充填率分别为8.0%,13.0%;恒牙患龋率分别为22.24%,13.21%,龋充填率分别为43.42%和66.45%。男生乳牙患龋率分别为33.70%,27.71%,龋充填率分别为15.66%,19.09%;恒牙患龋率分别为16.00%,5.21%,龋充填率分别为50.94%和65.38%。女生乳牙患龋率分别为32.60%,28.67%,龋充填率分别为17.80%,17.45%;恒牙患龋率分别为20,28%,15.02%,龋充填率分别为50.91%和70.30%。男生乳牙的龋齿充填率,女生乳牙的患龋率和龋齿充填率2010年和2014年间差异均无统计学意义(P值均>0.05),其他指标年度间差异均有统计学意义(P值均<0.05)。2010年和2014年学生乳牙龋均分别为1.20,1.22,恒牙龋均分别为0.38,0.23,城市学生乳牙龋均分别为0.6,0.63,恒牙龋均分别为0.28,0.15;乡村学生乳牙龋均分别为1.80,1.82,恒牙龋均分别为0.48,0.31。男生乳牙龋均分别为1.27,1.21,恒牙龋均分别为0.32,0.12;女生乳牙龋均分别为1.10,1.24,恒牙龋均分别为0.44,0.33。2014年城乡学生与2010年比较乳牙龋均和女生乳牙龋均呈上升趋势,其他均呈下降趋势。结论 2014年学生患龋率与2010年相比有所下降,龋充填率增加;乡村学生乳牙患龋率较高,龋充填率低,是防治的重点。 Objective To compare the dental caries status of primary and secondary school students in Guangzhou in 2010 and 2014 and provide a reference for prevention and control of dental caries among primary and middle school students. Methods A total of 3 989 Han students in 7, 9, 12, 14 and 17-year-old age groups in Guangzhou were enrolled in this study. The samples were collected from the National Students’ Physical Fitness and Health Survey of Guangzhou in 2010 and 2014. “Chinese students physical and health investigation and testing rules ” in the examination of dental caries. Results The dental caries prevalence of primary teeth in primary and secondary school students in 2010 and 2014 were 33.10% and 28.19% respectively. The caries filling rates were 16.70% and 18.26% respectively. The caries prevalence of permanent teeth were 18.13% and 10.11%, respectively. The caries filling rates were 50.92% , 68.91%. The prevalence of dental caries among urban students was 21.0% and 15.0%, respectively. The caries filling rates were 43.2% and 33.5% respectively. The caries prevalence of permanent teeth was 14.00% and 7.01% respectively. The caries filling rates were 63.80% and 74.0% respectively. The prevalence of dental caries in rural students was 45.2% and 41.3%, respectively. The caries filling rates were 8.0% and 13.0% respectively. The caries prevalence of permanent teeth was 22.24% and 13.21% respectively. The caries filling rates were 43.42% and 66.45% respectively. The prevalence of dental caries among boys was 33.70% and 27.71% respectively. The caries filling rates were 15.66% and 19.09% respectively. The prevalence of dental caries was 16.00% and 5.21% respectively. The caries filling rates were 50.94% and 65.38% respectively. The caries prevalence of deciduous teeth in girls was 32.60% and 28.67%, respectively. The caries filling rates were 17.80% and 17.45% respectively. The prevalence of dental caries was 20.28% and 15.02% respectively. The caries filling rates were 50.91% and 70.30% respectively. There was no significant difference between the deciduous caries filling rate of the deciduous teeth of the boys and the deciduous teeth decay rate of the female deciduous teeth between 2010 and 2014 (P> 0.05), and the differences of the other indexes were statistically significant <0.05). In 2010 and 2014, the deciduous caries of students were 1.20 and 1.22, respectively, and the permanent caries were 0.38 and 0.23 respectively. The deciduous caries in urban students were 0.6 and 0.63 respectively, and the permanent caries were 0.28 and 0.15 respectively. The deciduous caries of rural students Were 1.80,1.82, respectively, permanent caries were 0.48,0.31. The deciduous caries of boys and girls were 1.27,1.21 and 0.32,0.12, respectively. The deciduous caries of girls were 1.10 and 1.24 respectively, the permanent caries were 0.44 and 0.33 respectively. Compared with the primary deciduous caries in 2014 Both female and female dental caries showed an upward trend, others showed a downward trend. Conclusions The caries prevalence of students in 2014 decreased compared with that in 2010, and caries filling rate increased. The prevalence of caries in primary school students in rural areas was high, and the caries filling rate was low, which was the focus of prevention and treatment.