拜占庭美术和欧洲其他国家的美术相比较具有两大特点:第一,由于基督教在中世纪时就分裂为东西两派,以拉丁语系为主的西欧为天主教,以希腊语系为主的东欧为东正教,拜占庭美术更多体现出东正教的特点。第二,拜占庭地区与波斯、印度相邻,其美术必然含有东方艺术的因素。17世纪末,彼得大帝采取一系列改革措施并向西欧学习,所以俄罗斯的民族艺术受到了欧洲艺术的影响,其中以造型艺术的成就最为显 Byzantine art and other European countries, compared with two major characteristics of art: First, because Christianity in the Middle Ages split into east and west factions, Latin-dominated Western Europe as the Catholic Church, the Greek-based Eastern Europe as the Orthodox Church, Byzantine art more reflects the characteristics of the Orthodox Church. Second, the Byzantine area is adjacent to Persia and India. Its art necessarily contains elements of oriental art. At the end of the 17th century, Peter the Great adopted a series of reform measures and studied in Western Europe. Therefore, the Russian national art was influenced by the European art, of which the most significant achievement of plastic arts was