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新的课程标准把我国中小学生英语阅读素养目标概括为“阅读能力”和“阅读品格”两大方面。英语阅读能力包括解码能力、语言知识、理解能力和文化意识四个维度。而英语阅读品格则包含阅读习惯和阅读体验两个维度。在小学英语阅读教学中,要提升学生英语阅读素养即是要让学生爱上阅读、学会阅读,读出不同的体验。以下,笔者结合小学高年级英语阅读教学课例(江苏译林版小学英语六年级下册Unit1 The lion and the mouse),谈谈如何在阅读教学中有效提升学生的英语阅读素养。
一、 激发兴趣,让学生爱上阅读
【教学片段1】
Stepl Warm-up
1. Enjoy the music(《森林狂想曲》)
2. Make friends(师生自我介绍)
3. Play a game: Eenie, meenie, mimie, moe, catch a ... by his toe.
(游戏热身,激活有关动物词汇,并引入故事主人公及揭题:The lion and the mouse)
Step2 Pre-reading
1. Ask and answer
Question: What do you know about the lion?
T: You can say “It is .../It has.../It can...”(引出学习large and strong, sharp teeth)
2. Act and say
T: If you were Mr Lion, what would you say?
S: Hello, I’m Mr Lion, I am ..., I have ..., I can ...
3. Ask and answer
Question: What do you know about the mouse?
T: Is it large? Is it strong? Does it have sharp teeth?
T: With the sharp teeth, what can it do?(引出學习weak,bite)
4. Act and say
T: If you were Mr Mouse, what would you say?
S: Hello, I’m Mr Mouse, I am ..., I have ..., I can ...
5. Lead-in
情境中设疑:They are so different. One day, they met. Could they be friends? Guess!
【解读】
教师要从学生的学习兴趣、生活经验和认知水平出发,倡导新型的体验、实践、参与、交流和合作的学习方式,注重语言学习的过程,强调语言学习的实践性,鼓励学生在语境中接触、体验和理解真实语言,并在此基础上学习和运用语言。
1. 创设情境,激趣导入故事
在本节阅读课中,教师依据故事内容和学生年龄特点,灵活采用游戏导入、角色扮演等不同方式,让读前的导入环节变得鲜活有趣。教师利用多媒体课件呈现故事背景,通过开放性的问题设计,发散学生思维,快速切入话题,并引导学生尝试用几句话来描述两个动物(Lion和Mouse),说一说,演一演,有效激活学生的知识储备和相关经验,为他们进一步理解故事奠定基础。
2. 巧设悬念,激发阅读需求
当强大的狮子遇到弱小的老鼠,会发生什么故事?它们能成为朋友吗?在故事情境中,教师巧妙设疑:“They are so different. One day,they met. Could they be friends?”此时此刻,学生对未知的故事充满了好奇与期待,由此产生了故事阅读的浓厚兴趣,学习活动真正变成了自己的需要。
二、 聚焦问题,让学生学会阅读
【教学片段2】
Step3 While-reading
1. 场景一:One day, a mouse walked by and woke the lion up.
A.Watch and answer.
Question: Could they be friends?
B.Read in details.
Look, read and answer: What are the other animals doing?
(引导学生了解故事背景,感受其他小动物对于狮子的态度)
(1) Look, read and answer: How did they meet one day?
(随机学习walked by, woke ... up)
追问:How did the lion feel? What did they say?
(引导学生揣摩老鼠和狮子的语气,在情境中学习quietly, loudly)
(2) Try to read like the mouse and the lion.(体会:老鼠弱小胆怯、狮子强大轻蔑)
C. Read and retell the first part.
2. 场景二:Two men caught the lion with a large net and the mouse helped him. T: Was the mouse lucky? But it was a pity that they couldn’t be friends. After that, the lion was still the king of the forest. And the mouse lived his own happy life. Could they meet again? Could they be friends?(巧设问题情境,引导学生自主探究)
A.Watch and answer.
(观看第二次相遇的动画)
Question: Could they be friends?
B.Read in details.
(1) Ask and answer: What happened to the lion the next day?(随机学习caught ... with a large net, bit ... with, didn’t help)
啟发学生思考:Why couldn’t the lion’s teeth help?
(2) Try to imagine.
If you were Mr Lion, what would you say?
Read like the lion: Help! Help!/Who can help me? /How can I get out? ...(学生猜测,作呼救状)
(3) Listen and repeat.(引导学生体会狮子说话时的语气:悲伤、无助,学习sadly)启发学生思考:Was the lion still strong?
(1) Ask and answer: Who helped the lion?
(2) Read like the mouse: What did the mouse say?
S: I can help you.(引导学生体会老鼠说话时的语气:自信、勇敢)
(3) Ask and answer:
What did the mouse do?(随机学习made a big hole in the net with...,got out)启发学生思考:Why could the mouse’s teeth help?
What did the lion say?(引导学生注意狮子此时说话的语气:感激、如释重负)启发学生思考:How did the lion feel about the mouse at that moment?Was the mouse still weak?(引导学生发现强者和弱者在此时位置的互换,为之后情感目标的揭示铺平道路)
Let’s read: From then on,the lion and the mouse became friends.(板书动态呈现)
Read and retell the second part.
【解读】
在英语阅读教学过程中,我们要为学生解决的不仅仅是语言知识的积累,更重要的是阅读方法的获得、阅读习惯的养成,要使学生“得法于课内,受益于课外”。教师引导学生循着故事的发生、发展线索,逐步走进精彩的英语故事阅读。故事中有生动的情节、丰富的情感,同时也蕴含着一定的语言知识,教师通过巧设问题情境,引导学生自主探究,有效突破阅读教学中的重
难点。
1. 巧设问题情境,引导学生自主探究
在故事学习的过程中,教师并没有以解决重点单词和句子为主要目的,而是把许多能引发学生深度思考的问题作为教学的主线,引导学生去自主阅读、去想象、去思考、去表达。在“问题串”的导引下,学生自主探究,感悟、理解文本内容,不仅有效提升了语言交际能力,更重要的是思维真正地活跃了起来。
2. 及时追问,促使学生学会阅读
在充满戏剧性变化的故事场景二中,教师关注了教学中的追问,引导学生发现狮子与老鼠牙齿的不同特点,从而理解为何小小的老鼠能帮助强大的狮子脱离险境。学生的认识也在追问中进一步升华,深刻悟出了一个道理:“强者也有弱小的时候,弱者也有强大的时候,只要你足够自信,万事皆
可成!”
教师还巧妙地借助了道具—net(猎人的网),在模拟情境中, “身陷险境”的学生在网中“苦苦挣扎”,体会被困狮子的心情。教师引导学生发挥想象(If you were Mr Lion, what would you say?),学生的语言输出很丰富、很精彩。一系列问题的聚焦,有效突破了本课的教学重点难点,培养了学生分析问题和解决问题的能力,促使学生掌握了有效的阅读方法,进一步提升了思维品质。
三、 拓展资源,让学生读出不同体验
【教学片段3】
1. Show time: Tell the story and act it out with finger puppets.
2. Discussion: What can you leam from this story?
Sometimes, the strong can be weak.
Sometimes, the weak can be strong.
Be confident as everyone must be good at something.
A friend in need is a friend indeed.
3. Cultural production(揭示故事出处:Aesop’s Fables)
PPT: Show some more animal stories from Aesop’s Fables
T:They are all interesting and meaningful.
(课上,表现积极出色的学生均会获赠一本手制的故事书《伊索寓言》,力求激发孩子课后阅读兴趣)
4. Homework
l.Tell the story“The lion and the mouse”to your family and friends
2.Share your storybooks with others and read more animal stories in Aesop’s Fables.(课后所有孩子继续分享、拓展阅读)
【解读】
将英语拓展阅读作为一种新型的英语教学方式引入课堂,必将丰富教学资源,拓宽学习和运用英语的渠道,并在学生的学习真实和生活真实之间架起一座桥梁,以实现英语教学的最优化。
如此一来,学生有机会接触更广博的英语学习内容,他们的英语学习不再局限在语言知识的习得上,而是把英语阅读视作一种走向世界、拓展视野的平台,让自己在英语阅读的世界里自由徜徉,丰厚英语文化
素养。
(作者单位:无锡市洛社雅西小学)
一、 激发兴趣,让学生爱上阅读
【教学片段1】
Stepl Warm-up
1. Enjoy the music(《森林狂想曲》)
2. Make friends(师生自我介绍)
3. Play a game: Eenie, meenie, mimie, moe, catch a ... by his toe.
(游戏热身,激活有关动物词汇,并引入故事主人公及揭题:The lion and the mouse)
Step2 Pre-reading
1. Ask and answer
Question: What do you know about the lion?
T: You can say “It is .../It has.../It can...”(引出学习large and strong, sharp teeth)
2. Act and say
T: If you were Mr Lion, what would you say?
S: Hello, I’m Mr Lion, I am ..., I have ..., I can ...
3. Ask and answer
Question: What do you know about the mouse?
T: Is it large? Is it strong? Does it have sharp teeth?
T: With the sharp teeth, what can it do?(引出學习weak,bite)
4. Act and say
T: If you were Mr Mouse, what would you say?
S: Hello, I’m Mr Mouse, I am ..., I have ..., I can ...
5. Lead-in
情境中设疑:They are so different. One day, they met. Could they be friends? Guess!
【解读】
教师要从学生的学习兴趣、生活经验和认知水平出发,倡导新型的体验、实践、参与、交流和合作的学习方式,注重语言学习的过程,强调语言学习的实践性,鼓励学生在语境中接触、体验和理解真实语言,并在此基础上学习和运用语言。
1. 创设情境,激趣导入故事
在本节阅读课中,教师依据故事内容和学生年龄特点,灵活采用游戏导入、角色扮演等不同方式,让读前的导入环节变得鲜活有趣。教师利用多媒体课件呈现故事背景,通过开放性的问题设计,发散学生思维,快速切入话题,并引导学生尝试用几句话来描述两个动物(Lion和Mouse),说一说,演一演,有效激活学生的知识储备和相关经验,为他们进一步理解故事奠定基础。
2. 巧设悬念,激发阅读需求
当强大的狮子遇到弱小的老鼠,会发生什么故事?它们能成为朋友吗?在故事情境中,教师巧妙设疑:“They are so different. One day,they met. Could they be friends?”此时此刻,学生对未知的故事充满了好奇与期待,由此产生了故事阅读的浓厚兴趣,学习活动真正变成了自己的需要。
二、 聚焦问题,让学生学会阅读
【教学片段2】
Step3 While-reading
1. 场景一:One day, a mouse walked by and woke the lion up.
A.Watch and answer.
Question: Could they be friends?
B.Read in details.
Look, read and answer: What are the other animals doing?
(引导学生了解故事背景,感受其他小动物对于狮子的态度)
(1) Look, read and answer: How did they meet one day?
(随机学习walked by, woke ... up)
追问:How did the lion feel? What did they say?
(引导学生揣摩老鼠和狮子的语气,在情境中学习quietly, loudly)
(2) Try to read like the mouse and the lion.(体会:老鼠弱小胆怯、狮子强大轻蔑)
C. Read and retell the first part.
2. 场景二:Two men caught the lion with a large net and the mouse helped him. T: Was the mouse lucky? But it was a pity that they couldn’t be friends. After that, the lion was still the king of the forest. And the mouse lived his own happy life. Could they meet again? Could they be friends?(巧设问题情境,引导学生自主探究)
A.Watch and answer.
(观看第二次相遇的动画)
Question: Could they be friends?
B.Read in details.
(1) Ask and answer: What happened to the lion the next day?(随机学习caught ... with a large net, bit ... with, didn’t help)
啟发学生思考:Why couldn’t the lion’s teeth help?
(2) Try to imagine.
If you were Mr Lion, what would you say?
Read like the lion: Help! Help!/Who can help me? /How can I get out? ...(学生猜测,作呼救状)
(3) Listen and repeat.(引导学生体会狮子说话时的语气:悲伤、无助,学习sadly)启发学生思考:Was the lion still strong?
(1) Ask and answer: Who helped the lion?
(2) Read like the mouse: What did the mouse say?
S: I can help you.(引导学生体会老鼠说话时的语气:自信、勇敢)
(3) Ask and answer:
What did the mouse do?(随机学习made a big hole in the net with...,got out)启发学生思考:Why could the mouse’s teeth help?
What did the lion say?(引导学生注意狮子此时说话的语气:感激、如释重负)启发学生思考:How did the lion feel about the mouse at that moment?Was the mouse still weak?(引导学生发现强者和弱者在此时位置的互换,为之后情感目标的揭示铺平道路)
Let’s read: From then on,the lion and the mouse became friends.(板书动态呈现)
Read and retell the second part.
【解读】
在英语阅读教学过程中,我们要为学生解决的不仅仅是语言知识的积累,更重要的是阅读方法的获得、阅读习惯的养成,要使学生“得法于课内,受益于课外”。教师引导学生循着故事的发生、发展线索,逐步走进精彩的英语故事阅读。故事中有生动的情节、丰富的情感,同时也蕴含着一定的语言知识,教师通过巧设问题情境,引导学生自主探究,有效突破阅读教学中的重
难点。
1. 巧设问题情境,引导学生自主探究
在故事学习的过程中,教师并没有以解决重点单词和句子为主要目的,而是把许多能引发学生深度思考的问题作为教学的主线,引导学生去自主阅读、去想象、去思考、去表达。在“问题串”的导引下,学生自主探究,感悟、理解文本内容,不仅有效提升了语言交际能力,更重要的是思维真正地活跃了起来。
2. 及时追问,促使学生学会阅读
在充满戏剧性变化的故事场景二中,教师关注了教学中的追问,引导学生发现狮子与老鼠牙齿的不同特点,从而理解为何小小的老鼠能帮助强大的狮子脱离险境。学生的认识也在追问中进一步升华,深刻悟出了一个道理:“强者也有弱小的时候,弱者也有强大的时候,只要你足够自信,万事皆
可成!”
教师还巧妙地借助了道具—net(猎人的网),在模拟情境中, “身陷险境”的学生在网中“苦苦挣扎”,体会被困狮子的心情。教师引导学生发挥想象(If you were Mr Lion, what would you say?),学生的语言输出很丰富、很精彩。一系列问题的聚焦,有效突破了本课的教学重点难点,培养了学生分析问题和解决问题的能力,促使学生掌握了有效的阅读方法,进一步提升了思维品质。
三、 拓展资源,让学生读出不同体验
【教学片段3】
1. Show time: Tell the story and act it out with finger puppets.
2. Discussion: What can you leam from this story?
Sometimes, the strong can be weak.
Sometimes, the weak can be strong.
Be confident as everyone must be good at something.
A friend in need is a friend indeed.
3. Cultural production(揭示故事出处:Aesop’s Fables)
PPT: Show some more animal stories from Aesop’s Fables
T:They are all interesting and meaningful.
(课上,表现积极出色的学生均会获赠一本手制的故事书《伊索寓言》,力求激发孩子课后阅读兴趣)
4. Homework
l.Tell the story“The lion and the mouse”to your family and friends
2.Share your storybooks with others and read more animal stories in Aesop’s Fables.(课后所有孩子继续分享、拓展阅读)
【解读】
将英语拓展阅读作为一种新型的英语教学方式引入课堂,必将丰富教学资源,拓宽学习和运用英语的渠道,并在学生的学习真实和生活真实之间架起一座桥梁,以实现英语教学的最优化。
如此一来,学生有机会接触更广博的英语学习内容,他们的英语学习不再局限在语言知识的习得上,而是把英语阅读视作一种走向世界、拓展视野的平台,让自己在英语阅读的世界里自由徜徉,丰厚英语文化
素养。
(作者单位:无锡市洛社雅西小学)