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纳米晶体很多重要的物理化学性质与其表面结构密切相关,纳米晶的表面结构调控及相关理论研究是前沿和热点领域.本评述总结了非平衡态过饱和条件下纳米晶体生长热力学相关理论及其在离子晶体、分子晶体、贵金属、氧化物、金属有机框架等5类纳米晶体表面结构控制中的应用.从热力学推导出的“类”Thomson-Gibbs方程可以发现,晶体裸露晶面的表面能与其生长过程生长基元的过饱和度成正比.该理论揭示了过饱和度在纳米晶体表面结构控制中的重要作用,为合理设计合成具有特定表面结构的纳米晶提供了有效指导.
Many important physical and chemical properties of nanocrystals are closely related to their surface structure, and the surface structure regulation and related theoretical studies of nanocrystals are frontiers and hotspots. This review summarizes the thermodynamics related theories of nanocrystal growth under non-equilibrium supersaturated conditions and their applications in Ion crystal, molecular crystal, precious metal, oxide, metal organic framework and other five kinds of nanocrystal surface structure control.From the thermodynamics deduced “class ” Thomson-Gibbs equation can be found, the crystal surface exposed surface energy Which is directly proportional to the supersaturation of growth elements in the growth process.The theory reveals the important role of supersaturation in controlling the surface structure of nanocrystals and provides an effective guide for the rational design and synthesis of nanocrystals with specific surface structures.