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目的：了解医院感染危险因素。方法：调查我院１９９７ ～１９９８ 年出院病例５６７５５ 份。结果：发生医院感染１７１９ 例，发病者占３－０３ ％ 。其中ＩＣＵ、临床免疫科、血液科、传染科和干部科的感染率分别为３１－２５％ 、１９－３９％ 、１５－５７ ％ 、１０－５３ ％ 及９－３ ％ ，均明显高于全院感染率（Ｐ＜ ０－００１）。感染部位为下呼吸道４２－４１ ％ ，手术切口１５－７６ ％ ，胃肠道９－４８ ％ ，泌尿道７－２７ ％ ；检出致病菌３６０ 株，其中革兰阴性杆菌６０－８３％ ，革兰阳性球菌２２－２２ ％ ，真菌１６－９４ ％ ；微生物学监测物体表面、消毒液及医务人员手的达标率分别为９７－２８ ％ 、９９－４５ ％ 及８５－５２ ％ 。用抗生素者占７３－１９ ％ ；其中治疗用药４８－１０ ％ 。结论：为了降低医院感染率，应强化无菌操作意识、积极治疗原发病、合理使用抗生素。
Objective: To understand the risk factors of nosocomial infection. Methods: We investigated 56,755 cases of discharge from 1997 to 1998 in our hospital. Results: 1719 cases of hospital infection occurred, the incidence of 3-03%. The infection rates of ICU, clinical immunology department, hematology department, infectious department and cadre department were 31-25%, 19-39%, 15-57%, 10-53% and 9-3% Hospital infection rate (P <0-001). The infection sites were 42-41% of lower respiratory tract, 15-76% of surgical incisions, 9-48% of gastrointestinal tract and 7-27% of urinary tract; 360 pathogens were detected, of which 60-83% were Gram-negative bacilli, Gram positive cocci 22-22%, fungi 16-94%; Microbiology monitoring objects surface, disinfectant and medical staff’s compliance rates were 97-28%, 99-45% and 85-52%. With antibiotics accounted for 73-19%; of which treatment medication 48-10%. Conclusion: In order to reduce the rate of nosocomial infection, we should strengthen the consciousness of aseptic operation, actively treat the primary disease and make rational use of antibiotics.