1980年代以来,文学理论形成了从形式主义到历史主义“向外转”的大趋势。如果说20世纪初形式主义文论的勃兴是朝着语言、形式、文本“向内转”的话,那么在经过七八十年“与世隔绝”的状态以后,文学理论又折返回来,朝着社会、历史、现实“向外转”了,其表征就是林林总总的“后学”风靡一时。在1990年代以后,这些新潮理论又纷纷涌入国门。这一大趋势为晚近文学理论带来了诸多重大变化,概括言之,可以归结为问题、观念、概念、论争、理论、方法、基础、动向、宗旨等九个方面。 Since the 1980s, literary theory has formed a general trend from formalism to historicism to “turning outward”. If the beginning of the 20th century formalism literary theory is toward the language, form, text “inward turn ”, then after seventies and seventies “isolation ” state, the literary theory and turn back Come back toward the community, history, reality “outward turn ”, and its characterization is the endless “after school ” all the rage. After the 1990s, these trendy theories have poured into the country one after another. This general trend has brought about many major changes in recent literary theory. In summary, it can be summed up in nine aspects: problems, concepts, concepts, arguments, theories, methods, foundations, trends and purposes.