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摘要 從植物精油中寻找新型抑菌剂是植物化学研究的一个方向。本试验提取了丁香、八角、孜然、薄荷和生姜5种药食兼用植物的精油，采用抑制菌丝生长法和96孔板法测试了5种精油对8种植物病原真菌和5种细菌的抑菌活性。结果表明5种植物精油对测试真菌有不同程度的抑制作用，丁香的抑制作用最强，对梨黑星病菌的抑制作用最强，其IC50为93.44 mg/L;5种植物精油对测试细菌的抑菌作用较弱，孜然和生姜精油对青枯菌的抑制最强，最小抑菌浓度（MIC）也仅为125 mg/L。采用气相色谱-质谱联用仪（GC-MS）分析了各精油的主要化学成分，八角主要成分为茴香脑（53.16%），薄荷主要成分为长叶薄荷酮（15.85%），丁香主要成分为丁子香酚（82.68%），生姜主要成分为香叶醛（16.80%），孜然主要成分为茴香甲醛（46.06%）。本研究结果表明丁香具有开发为新型植物源抑菌剂的潜力。
关键词 植物精油; 抑菌活性; 化学成分
中图分类号： S 482.292
文献标识码： A
DOI： 10.16688/j.zwbh.2019215
Antimicrobial activity of the essential oils from five plants
MA Qiu1，2， ZHANG Yong3， WANG Zhaoguo1，2， DUAN Lian1，2， SONG Junrong1，2，
LIU Wuling1，2， WANG Chunlin1，2， YANG Hua4， LI Yan1，2*
（1. State Key Laboratory of Functions and Applications of Medicinal Plants， Guizhou Medical University
Guiyang 550014， China; 2. The Key Laboratory of Chemistry for Natural Products of Guizhou Province and
Chinese Academy of Sciences， Guizhou Provincial Engineering Research Center for Natural Drugs，
Guiyang 550014， China; 3. Guangdong Engineering Research Center for Insect Behavior Regulation，
College of Agronomy， South China Agricultural University， Guangzhou 510642， China;
4. School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering， Yan’an University， Yan’an 716000， China）
Abstract
Finding new bacteriostatic agents from plant essential oils is a trend in phytochemical research. In this study， the essential oils were extracted from five kinds of plants， Syzygium aromaticum， Illicium verum Hook. f.， Cuminum cyminum L.， Mentha haplocalyx Briq. and Zingiber officinale Roscoe by steam distillation. Antifungal and antibacterial activities of the essential oils from the five plants were tested by inhibiting mycelial growth and using 96-well method. The results of antifungal activity showed that the essential oils from the five plants had varying degrees inhibitory effects on the growth of eight plant pathogenic fungal hyphae. The antifungal activity of S.aromaticum oil was the strongest， with a 50% inhibition concentration （IC50） of 93.44 mg/L against V.piritna. The results of antibacterial activity showed that the essential oils had weak activities against all five tested bacteria. The oils of Z.officinale and C. cyminum showed strong activities against R.solanacearum and the minimum inhibitory concentration （MIC） was 125 mg/L. The chemical constituents of the essential oils were analyzed by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry （GC-MS）. The results showed that the main component of essential oils of I.verum was anethole （53.16%）. The main content of M.haplocalyx was pulegone （15.85%）， and the main contents of S.aromaticum， Z.officinale and C. cyminum were eugenol （82.68%）， geranyl aldehyde （16.80%）and fennel formaldehyde （46.06%）， respectively. These results indicated that S.aromaticum has the potential for development of novel plant-derived bacteriostats. Key words
essential oil; antibacterial activity; chemical constituent
目前通常使用化学农药来防控植物病害，然而，随着化学农药的使用，其负面效应也逐渐显露出来，如病原微生物产生抗药性，对环境及其人体健康产生不利影响等，这些因素严重制约着化学农药的使用。随着人们生活水平的提高，越来越注重健康和食品安全，对食品的需求也越来越向“绿色”和“天然”转变，因此，开发天然、高效、低毒的抑菌产品已经成为研究的热点之一[1]。找寻“新型绿色抑菌剂”的需求显得尤为突出，从植物精油中寻找具有应用价值的抑菌剂是植物化学研究的一个方向。
植物精油（essential oil）是一类存在于植物体内、分子量较小的次生代谢产物，在常温下易挥发，具有一定气味的油状液体的总称[2]。因其来源于植物， 并具有多种生物活性，正日益受到科研工作者的关注[3]。近年来，研究报道了多种植物精油具有广谱的抗菌活性，对细菌、真菌均有显著的抑制作用[4-6]。
八角Illicium verum Hook.f.、丁香Syzygium aromaticum （L.） Merr.
关键词 植物精油; 抑菌活性; 化学成分
中图分类号： S 482.292
文献标识码： A
DOI： 10.16688/j.zwbh.2019215
Antimicrobial activity of the essential oils from five plants
MA Qiu1，2， ZHANG Yong3， WANG Zhaoguo1，2， DUAN Lian1，2， SONG Junrong1，2，
LIU Wuling1，2， WANG Chunlin1，2， YANG Hua4， LI Yan1，2*
（1. State Key Laboratory of Functions and Applications of Medicinal Plants， Guizhou Medical University
Guiyang 550014， China; 2. The Key Laboratory of Chemistry for Natural Products of Guizhou Province and
Chinese Academy of Sciences， Guizhou Provincial Engineering Research Center for Natural Drugs，
Guiyang 550014， China; 3. Guangdong Engineering Research Center for Insect Behavior Regulation，
College of Agronomy， South China Agricultural University， Guangzhou 510642， China;
4. School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering， Yan’an University， Yan’an 716000， China）
Abstract
Finding new bacteriostatic agents from plant essential oils is a trend in phytochemical research. In this study， the essential oils were extracted from five kinds of plants， Syzygium aromaticum， Illicium verum Hook. f.， Cuminum cyminum L.， Mentha haplocalyx Briq. and Zingiber officinale Roscoe by steam distillation. Antifungal and antibacterial activities of the essential oils from the five plants were tested by inhibiting mycelial growth and using 96-well method. The results of antifungal activity showed that the essential oils from the five plants had varying degrees inhibitory effects on the growth of eight plant pathogenic fungal hyphae. The antifungal activity of S.aromaticum oil was the strongest， with a 50% inhibition concentration （IC50） of 93.44 mg/L against V.piritna. The results of antibacterial activity showed that the essential oils had weak activities against all five tested bacteria. The oils of Z.officinale and C. cyminum showed strong activities against R.solanacearum and the minimum inhibitory concentration （MIC） was 125 mg/L. The chemical constituents of the essential oils were analyzed by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry （GC-MS）. The results showed that the main component of essential oils of I.verum was anethole （53.16%）. The main content of M.haplocalyx was pulegone （15.85%）， and the main contents of S.aromaticum， Z.officinale and C. cyminum were eugenol （82.68%）， geranyl aldehyde （16.80%）and fennel formaldehyde （46.06%）， respectively. These results indicated that S.aromaticum has the potential for development of novel plant-derived bacteriostats. Key words
essential oil; antibacterial activity; chemical constituent
目前通常使用化学农药来防控植物病害，然而，随着化学农药的使用，其负面效应也逐渐显露出来，如病原微生物产生抗药性，对环境及其人体健康产生不利影响等，这些因素严重制约着化学农药的使用。随着人们生活水平的提高，越来越注重健康和食品安全，对食品的需求也越来越向“绿色”和“天然”转变，因此，开发天然、高效、低毒的抑菌产品已经成为研究的热点之一[1]。找寻“新型绿色抑菌剂”的需求显得尤为突出，从植物精油中寻找具有应用价值的抑菌剂是植物化学研究的一个方向。
植物精油（essential oil）是一类存在于植物体内、分子量较小的次生代谢产物，在常温下易挥发，具有一定气味的油状液体的总称[2]。因其来源于植物， 并具有多种生物活性，正日益受到科研工作者的关注[3]。近年来，研究报道了多种植物精油具有广谱的抗菌活性，对细菌、真菌均有显著的抑制作用[4-6]。
八角Illicium verum Hook.f.、丁香Syzygium aromaticum （L.） Merr.