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2013年底,埃博拉出血热再次出现在西非大陆,随后以燎原之势在西非的几内亚、利比里亚和塞拉利昂等主要国家蔓延,截至2014年1月14日,几内亚、利比里亚和塞拉利昂三国病例总数已达21 261例,其中已确诊病例为13 427例,死病例达8 414例,病死率高达62.66%;虽然不及历史上90%以上的病死率,但本次疫情传播范围之广,传播速度之快,感染及死亡人数之多却是历史之最。虽然我国还无发现埃博拉疫情,但是加强预防与医院感染管理意义重大。本文概述埃博拉病毒感染的病原学、流行病学与临床表现特征,分析埃博拉病毒医院感染的危险因素,提出加强病例追踪及管理、严格疫情报告、加强健康宣教、预防医院感染等方面的措施,以期为制定埃博拉出血热防控措施提供依据。
Ebola haemorrhagic fever reappeared on the West African continent at the end of 2013 and subsequently spread in major countries such as Guinea, Liberia and Sierra Leone in West Africa on a single prairie fire. As of 14 January 2014, the total number of cases in Guinea, Liberia and Sierra Leone reached 21,261 cases were confirmed, including 13,427 confirmed cases, 8,414 deaths and a case fatality rate of 62.66%. Although less than the historical case fatality rate of 90%, the spread of the outbreak was wide and the rate of transmission was fast The highest number of infections and deaths is the highest in history. Although there are still no Ebola outbreaks in our country, it is of great significance to strengthen the prevention and management of nosocomial infections. This essay summarizes the etiological, epidemiological and clinical features of Ebola virus infection, analyzes the risk factors of Ebola virus nosocomial infection, and proposes to strengthen the follow-up and management of cases, strict reporting of epidemics, health promotion and education, and prevention of nosocomial infections In order to provide a basis for the development of Ebola prevention and control measures.