水稻新品种选育中,习惯将有性杂交育种称为杂交育种或常规育种。目前生产上应用的水稻品种,大多数是用这种方法选育而成的。众所周知,性状的遗传是受基因控制的,由于基因的数目很多,重组的机会可以说是无穷的,特别是采用多亲杂交,能将许多优良性状结合到一个品种上,因而国内外对这个传统的方法都很重视,把它作为整个育种的基础。杂交育种中,亲本选择恰当与否,是选育成败的关键。亲本,当然包括父本与母本。在育种实践中,往往遇到这样的问题,即希望的性状作父本有利还是作母本有利。现在的许多报道表明:同一品种杂交时作父本或母本,后代性状的表现是不同的。本试验选择相对性状有明显差异的两对早稻品种,用正反有性杂交的方法,从杂种后代的变异中,探讨与产量有关的数量性状在后代中的表现,为父、母本的选择提供资料。 In the breeding of new rice varieties, it is customary to refer to sexual crossbreeding as crossbreeding or conventional breeding. At present, the rice varieties used in production are mostly bred by this method. It is well-known that the inheritance of traits is controlled by genes. Due to the large number of genes, the opportunities for recombination can be described as endless. In particular, the adoption of multi-parental crosses can combine many excellent traits into one breed. Therefore, The methods are very important, as the basis for the entire breeding. Hybrid breeding, the parents choose the right or not, is the key to the success or failure of breeding. Parents, of course, include paternal and maternal. In breeding practice, often encountered the question, whether the desired traits for parent benefit or mother benefit. Many reports now show that the performance of offspring traits are different when the same breed is crossed as a male or female parent. In this study, we selected two pairs of early rice varieties with significant differences in relative traits, and used positive and negative sexual crosses to explore the performance of quantitative traits related to yield in the offspring provide information.