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【名词解释】产能过剩标准:目前,我国还没有建立对产能过剩定性、定量的科学评价标准。欧美等国家一般用产能利用率或设备利用率作为产能是否过剩的评价指标。设备利用率的正常值在79%至83%之间,超过90%则认为产能不够,有超设备能力发挥现象。若设备开工低于79%,则说明可能存在产能过剩的现象。有学者提出,行业产能过剩体现在三个方面:一是产品价格相对下滑;二是企业盈利能力大幅度下滑,亏损企业增加;三是行业供给超过了行业需求。也有人对此有不同看法,认为所谓的三个标准与产能过剩有关系,但绝不是一一对应的关系。
[Glossary] overcapacity standards: At present, China has not established a qualitative and quantitative overcapacity scientific evaluation criteria. Europe and the United States and other countries generally use capacity utilization or equipment utilization as an indicator of excess capacity. The normal rate of utilization of equipment is between 79% and 83%. Over 90% think that the capacity is not enough and there is a phenomenon that excess equipment can exert its capabilities. If the equipment is started less than 79%, then there may be overcapacity. Some scholars have pointed out that overcapacity in the industry is reflected in three aspects: First, the relative decline in product prices; second, a substantial decline in corporate profitability, loss-making enterprises increased; third is the industry supply exceeds the industry demand. Some people have different views on this. They think the so-called three standards are related to overcapacity, but they are by no means one-to-one correspondence.