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涌浪是近海波浪系统中的重要组成部分,因其持续时间长且蕴含巨大能量,可导致渔船沉没事故,造成生命、财产和环境危害。合成孔径雷达(SAR)能够对海浪成像并提供二维方向谱,成为遥感海浪的重要手段。本研究将利用欧空局环境卫星搭载的高级合成孔径雷达(ENVISAT-ASAR)的波模式轨道数据提供的涌浪信息,量化涌浪在中国近海浪致渔船沉没事故中的影响。首先,对浪致渔船沉没事故、ASAR数据和模式数据进行时空匹配;其次,对匹配成功的数据进行对比统计,分析涌浪要素特征,量化涌浪影响。结论:渔船沉没事故发生时,(1)天气形势多为冷空气、温带气旋或台风;(2)风浪、涌浪混合有效波高绝大部分大于2.0 m,涌浪波高占比在50%以上;(3)风浪和涌浪夹角>45°,当同时满足(2)和(3)条件时更容易发生沉船事故。
Surge is an important part of the offshore wave system. Due to its long duration and enormous energy, it can lead to the sinking of fishing vessels, causing life, property and environmental damage. Synthetic aperture radar (SAR) imaging of the ocean waves and providing two-dimensional directional spectrum, as an important means of remote sensing waves. This study will use the surge information provided by the orbital orbital data of the Advanced Synthetic Aperture Radar (ENVISAT-ASAR) carried by the ESA Environmental Satellites to quantify the effects of surges on sunken fishing vessels in China’s coastal areas. Firstly, the ASAR data and the pattern data are spatially matched to the sunken fishing boat sunk accident. Secondly, comparative statistics are made on the matching data, the characteristics of the surge element are analyzed, and the influence of the surge is quantified. Conclusions: (1) When the fishing vessel sinks, (1) the weather is mostly cold air, temperate cyclone or typhoon; (2) the effective wave heights of wind and surges are mostly greater than 2.0 m, and the proportion of the surges is over 50% (3) The angle between storms and surges is> 45 °, and shipwreck accidents are more likely to occur when the conditions (2) and (3) are satisfied at the same time.