本文所讨论的岩石类介质是指岩石、土等地质材料以及混凝土一类的工程材料,而不讨论与地质构造运动有关的那些处在地壳深部以至地幔中的岩石。在工程条件下,岩石一般表现为脆性的,它只能承受很小的应变就行破坏。随着围压和温度的增加,它能承受的应变量逐渐增大,在宏观上表现出塑性的性质,而且蠕变、松弛等与时间因素有关的 The rock mediums discussed in this paper refer to rocks, soils, and other geological materials as well as engineering materials such as concrete. They do not discuss rocks in the deep crust to the mantle that are associated with geological tectonic movements. Under engineering conditions, the rock is generally brittle and it can only withstand very little strain. With the increase of confining pressure and temperature, the amount of strain it can withstand increases gradually, showing plasticity in macroscopic terms, and creep and relaxation are related to the time factor.