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著名心理学家亚伯拉罕·马斯洛曾指出,人的需求由低到高分为生理需求、安全需求、社交需求、尊重需求和自我实现需求。其中,尊重需求和自我实现需求依赖于社会的进步和民主文明程度的提高。随着我国经济的发展,人们维护自身人身权利的意识不断增强,司法实践中受害人诉求精神损害赔偿以维护自身权益的案件日益增多。但目前我国的相关法律、法规和司法解释已经很难满足实践需要,严重影响了司法的公正和权威。因此结合我国现行法律、法规的规定,从民法基本理论出发,对精神损害赔偿制度进行分析研究,是十分必要的。
The famous psychologist Abraham Maslow has pointed out that the human needs from low to high physiological needs, security needs, social needs, respect and self-actualization needs. Among them, the demand for respect and self-actualization depends on the progress of society and the improvement of democratic civilization. With the development of our country’s economy, people’s awareness of safeguarding their own personal rights has been constantly enhanced. In the judicial practice, the victims are demanding compensation for moral damages so as to safeguard their rights and interests. However, at present, the relevant laws, regulations and judicial interpretations in our country have hardly met the needs of practice and have seriously affected the impartiality and authority of the judiciary. Therefore, combining the provisions of the current laws and regulations in our country, starting from the basic theory of civil law, it is necessary to analyze and study the system of compensation for mental damage.