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广泛应用于香水和食品工业的某些植物精油,长期以来一直被认为是害虫的驱避剂。几个国家最近的调查表明,一些植物精油不仅对某些害虫有驱避作用,也对特定的害虫以及一些重要的植物真菌病害具有触杀和熏蒸作用。出于开发基于植物精油的低风险新型农药的目的,用斜纹夜蛾(Spodoptera litura)和桃蚜(Myzus persicae)对一些植物精油的萜类和酚类的毒性和亚致死量进行了生物测定。本文主要回顾了植物精油的生物活性范围和它们的组分、毒性及其对害虫的作用方式、作为新农药的潜在健康与环境影响,以及植物精油作为农药的商业化。
Some plant essential oils, which are widely used in the perfumery and food industry, have long been considered repellent to pests. Recent surveys in several countries have shown that some plant essential oils not only repel some pests, but also kill and fumigate specific pests and some important plant fungal diseases. Bioavailability of terpenoids and phenols from some plant essential oils and their lethality were bioassayed with Spodoptera litura and Myzus persicae for the purpose of developing new low-risk pesticides based on plant essential oils. This article reviews the range of biological activities of plant essential oils and their components, their toxicity and their mode of action on pests, potential health and environmental impacts as new pesticides, and the commercialization of plant essential oils as pesticides.