能高效代谢木质纤维素水解液中的可发酵糖、同时可耐受/分解发酵抑制剂的菌种,是利用木质纤维素为原料生产燃料乙醇技术的关键。基因组改组技术是近些年发展起来的一项新型育种技术,该技术已运用于食品和医药行业菌种的改良。本文综述了基因组改组技术的原理、方法、特点、及其运用,并对其在木质纤维素水解液乙醇发酵菌种选育方面的应用进行了展望。 Efficient metabolism of fermentable sugars in lignocellulosic hydrolysates while tolerating / disrupting the fermentation inhibitor species is the key to using lignocellulosic feedstock to produce fuel ethanol. Genome shuffling technology is a new breeding technology developed in recent years, which has been applied to the improvement of the strains in the food and pharmaceutical industries. In this paper, the principles, methods, characteristics and applications of genome shuffling technology are reviewed. The application of lignocellulosic hydrolyzate in the ethanol breeding is also reviewed.