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目的控讨本市小儿变应性疾病变应原特点,为变应性疾病防治提供科学依据。方法采用复旦大学医学院研制的变应原试液,吸入组变应原有粉尘螨、蟑螂、艾蒿花粉、棉絮、香烟、蚕丝、狗毛、猫毛、羽毛、酵母菌;食入组变应原有海蟹、海虾、鸡肉、鸡蛋清、牛肉、牛奶、带鱼、章鱼、花生、香蕉、草莓、芒果、大豆等共23种。点刺部位选择双手前臂屈侧皮肤,采用生理盐水点刺作阴性对照,以10mg/ml二盐酸组胺皮肤点刺作阳性对照。结果皮肤点刺阳性347?396例(87.7%),其中小儿哮喘、咳嗽变异性哮喘、过敏性鼻炎等阳性率最高分别为78.7%、60%、45%。347例阳性患者中,对一种变应原阳性83例,对2种变应原阳性112例,对3种或3种以下变应原阳性152例。粉尘螨阳性率最高为62%,艾蒿花粉为43.7%,蟑螂37.4%,海蟹29.3%,海虾21.9%。两组SPT阳性率比较,采用χ2检验,(P<0.05),差异有统计学意义。结论本市小儿变应性疾病对多种变应原有阳性反应,以粉尘螨、艾蒿花粉、蟑螂、海蟹、海虾等多见,阳性反应率随年龄增长有增多趋势,进入学龄前小儿变应性反应比较强烈,学龄期后逐渐下降,且男性多于女性,避免或清除变应原的接触,对小儿变应性疾病的防治有重要意义。
Objective To investigate the characteristics of allergens in children with allergic diseases in this city and provide a scientific basis for the prevention and treatment of allergic diseases. Methods The allergen test solution developed by Fudan University School of Medicine was used. Inhalation group had dust mite, cockroach, mulberry pollen, cotton batting, cigarette, silk, dog hair, cat hair, feather and yeast. The original crab, shrimp, chicken, egg white, beef, milk, octopus, octopus, peanuts, bananas, strawberries, mango, soybeans and a total of 23 species. Prickly place to choose both forearm flexor skin, using saline as a negative control point puncture, with 10mg / ml dihydrochloride histamine skin prick for positive control. Results There were 347 to 396 cases (87.7%) of prickles on the skin. The positive rates of asthma, cough variant asthma and allergic rhinitis were 78.7%, 60% and 45% respectively. Of the 347 positive patients, 83 were positive for one allergen, 112 for two allergens, and 152 were for three or fewer allergens. The highest positive rate of dust mites was 62%, Artemisia pollen was 43.7%, cockroaches 37.4%, sea crabs 29.3%, shrimp 21.9%. Two groups of SPT positive rate comparison, using χ2 test, (P <0.05), the difference was statistically significant. Conclusion The allergic diseases in children in this city have positive reaction to many allergens. The dust mite, mulberry mulberry, pollen, cockroach, sea crab and shrimp are more common. The positive reaction rate increases with age, Allergic reactions in children more intense, gradually decreased after school age, and more men than women to avoid or clear the exposure to allergens, prevention and treatment of allergic diseases in children of great significance.