目的分析儿童手足口病的临床表现、实验室检查及临床仪器检查,探讨儿童手足口病合并病毒性脑炎的相关因素。方法对2009年至2010年收治的30例单纯手足口病患儿及30例手足口病合并病毒性脑炎患儿的临床表现、实验室检查结果及相关仪器检查结果进行回顾性分析比较。结果 (1)临床表现:手足口病合并病毒性脑炎患儿多有发热(66.7%)、脉搏异常(20.0%)、血压异常(26.7%)及神经系统异常临床表现(70.0%)(与单纯手足口病组比较,χ2=23.25、6.67、9.23和32.31,P均<0.01)。(2)实验室检查:手足口病合并病毒性脑炎患儿常表现为白细胞〔(11.42±3.34)×109/L〕及血糖〔(6.34±1.65)mmoL/L〕高于单纯手足口病组(t=14.24及13.39,P均<0.01)。(3)临床仪器检查:手足口病合并病毒性脑炎患儿易出现脑电图(70.0%)、心电图(30.0%)及X线胸片(70.0%)异常(与单纯手足口病组比较,χ2=32.31、10.59和32.31,P均<0.01)。结论单纯手足口病患儿多表现为手、足、口腔等部位的斑丘疹、疱疹,而手足口病合并病毒性脑炎患儿,除手、足、口腔等部位出现斑丘疹、疱疹外,还有体温、脉搏、血压、神经系统异常临床表现及辅助检查异常。 Objective To analyze the clinical manifestations, laboratory tests and clinical examination of hand-foot-mouth disease in children and explore the related factors of hand-foot-mouth disease in children with viral encephalitis. Methods The clinical manifestations, laboratory findings and related laboratory tests of 30 children with hand-foot-mouth disease and 30 children with hand-foot-mouth disease complicated with viral encephalitis were analyzed retrospectively from 2009 to 2010. Results (1) The clinical manifestations of HFMD complicated with viral encephalitis included fever (66.7%), abnormal pulse (20.0%), abnormal blood pressure (26.7%) and clinical manifestations of neurological abnormalities Simple hand-foot-mouth disease group, χ2 = 23.25,6.67,9.23 and 32.31, P <0.01). (2) laboratory tests: children with hand, foot and mouth disease complicated with viral encephalitis often showed white blood cells 〔(11.42 ± 3.34) × 109 / L〕 and blood glucose 〔(6.34 ± 1.65) mmoL / L〕 higher than simple hand-foot-mouth disease Group (t = 14.24 and 13.39, P <0.01). (3) Clinical examination: EEG (70.0%), electrocardiogram (30.0%) and X-ray (70.0%) are easy to appear in children with HFMD complicated with viral encephalitis (compared with simple HFMD group , χ2 = 32.31, 10.59 and 32.31, P <0.01). Conclusions Children with hand-foot-mouth disease mostly show maculopapular rash and herpes in hand, foot and oral cavity. However, children with hand-foot-mouth disease complicated with viral encephalitis have rash and herpes in addition to hand, foot and oral cavity, There are body temperature, pulse, blood pressure, abnormal clinical manifestations of the nervous system and ancillary laboratory abnormalities.