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陕西府谷王大夫梁三趾马红粘土剖面中成土碳酸盐碳、氧稳定同位素分析及其变化曲线表明，三趾马红粘土形成于半干旱到半湿润气候条件下，且已出现类似于黄土中古季风特征的干热－温湿的旋回性变化，并在晚期有周期缩短、幅度加强的趋势．结合地层中的物质组成及古哺乳动物群性质的变化，陕西北部新第三纪晚期古气候经历了干热－温湿－干热的演化历史，植被以草原疏林为主，气候适宜期曾出现半湿润森林景观
Stable Carbonate and Oxygen Stable Isotopic Analysis of Carbonate and Oxygen in Malay Clay Section of Wangshe Fugu, Liangshan County, Shaanxi Province, China, and their variation curves show that the trigeminal horse red clay is formed under semi-arid and semi-humid climates and has appeared similar In the loess, the monsoon features of the dry-hot-warm cyclone changes, and in the late cycle has shortened, the trend of strengthening. Based on the composition of matter in the strata and the change of the nature of ancient mammals, the paleoclimate of the late Neogene in northern Shaanxi underwent the evolutionary history of dry heat-warm-humid-dry-hot heat. The vegetation was dominated by steppe forests and the suitable climate Semi-humid forest landscape appears