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作者认为马克思思想具有希腊的维度,古希腊伦理哲学中的本质主义、目的论和正义这三个要素深刻地影响了马克思对资本主义的分析和批判。在作者看来,马克思的历史理论是本质主义和目的论的,这与亚里士多德的影响密不可分。而马克思对正义的看法则深受伊壁鸠鲁的影响,即将一种历史的维度引入了关于正义的讨论,在这种观点的影响下,马克思在正义问题上采取了“有限相对主义”的立场,即认为资本主义就其本身来看是正义的,但是从社会主义的立场来,这种正义又是有限的和不足的。正因为历史地看待正义问题,所以马克思又用道德的语言来谴责资本主义。作者认为,这种“有限相对主义”和用道德的语言抨击资本主义之间的张力并不像某些学者认为的是一种矛盾,而是马克思处理问题的一种辩证方法。
The author thinks that Marxism has the Greek dimension, and the essentialism, teleology and justice in ancient Greek ethics philosophy have profoundly influenced Marx’s analysis and criticism of capitalism. In the author’s view, Marx’s historical theory is essentialism and teleology, and Aristotelian influence is inseparable. Marx’s view of justice is greatly influenced by Epicurus, which introduces a historical dimension into the discussion of justice. Under this view, Marx adopts “limited relativism” on the issue of justice From the standpoint, capitalism is considered just as it is, but from a socialist standpoint, such justice is limited and inadequate. It is precisely because of the historical issue of justice that Marx used moral language to condemn capitalism. The author believes that the tension between “limited relativism” and moral criticism of capitalism is not a contradiction as some scholars think it is, but a dialectic approach to Marx’s handling of the issue.