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[目的]为选育高产、优质、抗逆性强的小麦品种提供理论依据。[方法]以小麦品种绵阳11(MY11)和川农18(CN18)为亲本进行正、反交,对F2代群体及2个亲本的株高、穗数、小穗数、单株粒数、穗长、单株重和千粒重等主要农艺性状进行考察和遗传力分析。[结果]F2代群体各农艺性状广义遗传力大小为单株重>小穗数>单株粒数>千粒重>穗数>穗长>株高。正反交后代农艺性状的表现型差别不大,遗传力差别较大,正交后代株高和小穗数的遗传力低于反交后代,单株粒数、穗长、单粒重和千粒重的遗传力高于反交后代,细胞质对相同性状的遗传力有很大影响。[结论]杂交后代选择中,对单株重、小穗数和单株粒数进行早代选择有利于培育高产品种。
[Objective] The research aimed to provide theoretical basis for breeding wheat varieties with high yield, good quality and strong stress resistance. [Method] With the wheat varieties Mianyang 11 (MY11) and Chuannong 18 (CN18) as their parents, the plant height, spike number, spikelet number per plant, grain number per plant, Spike length, plant weight and 1000-grain weight and other major agronomic traits were investigated and heritability analysis. [Result] The general heritability of each agronomic trait in F2 generation was single plant weight> spikelet number> single plant grain number> 1000-grain weight> panicle number> panicle length> plant height. The phenotypic differences of the agronomic traits in the progenies and reciprocal generations were not significant, and the heritability varied greatly. The heritability of the plant height and the number of spikelets in orthogonal progenies was lower than that of the progeny cross. The grain weight per plant, spike length, single grain weight and 1000-grain weight The heritability is higher than that of the offspring, the cytoplasm has a great influence on the heritability of the same traits. [Conclusion] In the selection of hybrid progenies, the selection of early generations of single plant weight, spikelet number and grain number per plant was conducive to the breeding of high yielding varieties.