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地表出现的每件事,包括如此多种多样的现象:山脉的造成、洋盆的形成、火山活动以及沉积作用的有规律的交替(伴随着动、植物种群的兴衰),都是发生在上地幔内部的事件的一种反应。地震波的速度对上地幔内部物质的密度有一定的影响;对大洋中喷出的火山岩的主要元素、微量元素及同位素化学进行的研究,可以得出上地幔的各部分的化学特征的间接
Everything that appears on the surface includes so many phenomena that the occurrence of mountains, the formation of oceanic basins, the volcanic activity, and the regular alternations of sedimentation (with the rise and fall of animals and plant species) take place A reaction to the events inside the mantle. The velocity of the seismic wave has a certain influence on the density of the material in the upper mantle. Studying the major elements, trace elements and isotopic chemistry of the volcanic rocks erupted in the ocean can lead to the indirect connection of the chemical features of various parts of the upper mantle