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目的描述本土文化背景下,艾滋病病毒(HIV)感染者/艾滋病病人(PLWHA)披露诊断的现状;识别PLWHA资料中影响披露诊断结果的因素。方法选择济宁市目前能随访到的尚存活的PLWHA作为研究对象,采用自编问卷收集资料,对PLWHA披露诊断状况进行评估,对其影响因素进行分析。结果共调查237例PLWHA,其中男187例,女50例,平均年龄(31.76±8.13)岁(4~70岁)。59.9%(142/237)的PLWHA向他人披露自己的HIV阳性诊断情况。不同性别、年龄、文化程度、婚姻、职业、居住地、确证时间、病程阶段、感染途径以及是否进行抗病毒治疗的PLWHA披露情况有显著性差异(P<0.01)。婚姻状况、职业、抗病毒治疗等因素,对PLWHA是否向他人披露自己的HIV诊断情况有影响,能够解释披露诊断变异的为43.8%。结论 PLWHA的婚姻状况、职业、抗病毒治疗因素对披露诊断有影响,应尽早探索建立披露诊断模式,促进及早披露阳性诊断,预防新发感染。
Objective To describe the current status of PLWHA disclosure diagnoses in local cultures and to identify factors in the PLWHA data that influence the diagnosis of disclosure. Methods The surviving PLWHA which can be followed in Jining City at present was selected as the research object. Data were collected by self-compiled questionnaire to evaluate PLWHA’s disclosure status and analyze its influential factors. Results A total of 237 cases of PLWHA were investigated, including 187 males and 50 females, with an average age of 31.76 ± 8.13 years (range 4-70 years). 59.9% (142/237) of PLWHA disclosed to others their own HIV-positive diagnosis. There was a significant difference (P <0.01) in the disclosure of PLWHA between different sex, age, educational level, marriage, occupation, place of residence, confirmatory time, disease course, route of infection and whether antiviral treatment was carried out. Factors such as marital status, occupation, and antiviral therapy have implications for PLWHA’s disclosure of HIV diagnoses to others and explain 43.8% of the reported diagnostic variations. Conclusion Marital status, occupation and antiviral therapy factors of PLWHA have an impact on the disclosure diagnosis. Disclosure of diagnosis mode should be explored as early as possible to promote the early detection of positive diagnosis and prevention of new infections.