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目的分析衡水市手足口病流行特征,探讨适宜防控措施。方法收集中国疾病监测信息报告系统和衡水市2008-2011年手足口病重症病例和死亡病例个案资料,采用描述流行病学方法进行统计分析。结果 (1)衡水市2008-2011年手足口病报告病例14 469例,重症170例,死亡10例。报告发病率平均为83.21/100 000,病死率为6.91/10 000,重症病例占1.17%。(2)2008年EV71与其他肠道病毒并存,但2009年以COA16为主,(χ2=67.10,P﹤0.05,df=1),2009-2011年COA16的比例呈下降趋势,而HEV71逐年上升趋势.(χ2=110.62,P﹤0.05,df=4)。(3)衡水市手足口病重症病例(包括死亡病例)所占比例2008、2010、2011年3年间差异无统计学意义(χ2=0.781,P﹥0.05,df=2),平均为2.13%;2009年手足口病发病率4年中最高,但重症比例最低(χ2=106.78 P﹤0.05df=1)。重症病例比例与HEV71的构成比成正相关(r=0.74,P﹤0.05)。结论衡水市手足口病疫情具有地区持续性,重症死亡病例发生与手足口病病原谱(HEV71构成)改变有关。
Objective To analyze the epidemiological characteristics of HFMD in Hengshui City and to explore appropriate prevention and control measures. Methods The data of China Disease Surveillance Information System and cases of HFMD cases and death cases from 2008 to 2011 in Hengshui City were collected and analyzed by descriptive epidemiological method. Results (1) 14 469 cases of hand-foot-mouth disease reported in Hengshui from 2008 to 2011, 170 cases of severe disease and 10 cases of death. The average reported incidence was 83.21 / 100 000, with a case fatality rate of 6.91 / 10 000 and severe cases of 1.17%. (2) EV71 coexisted with other enteroviruses in 2008, but mainly COA16 in 2009 (χ2 = 67.10, P <0.05, df = 1). The proportion of COA16 in 2009-2011 showed a downward trend while that of HEV71 increased year by year Trend (χ2 = 110.62, P <0.05, df = 4). (3) The proportions of HFMD cases (including death cases) in Hengshui City in 2008, 2010 and 2011 were no significant difference (χ2 = 0.781, P> 0.05, df = 2) with an average of 2.13% The incidence of HFMD was the highest in 4 years in 2009, but the lowest was severe (χ2 = 106.78 P <0.05df = 1). The proportion of severe cases was positively correlated with the proportion of HEV71 (r = 0.74, P <0.05). Conclusion The epidemic situation of HFMD in Hengshui City is of regional persistence. The incidence of severe deaths is related to the changes of the pathogens spectrum of HFMD (HEV71 constitution).