目的　提高对自发性肾包膜下和肾周血肿的诊断与治疗水平。　方法　对 17例自发性肾包膜下和肾周血肿病例的临床及随访资料进行回顾性分析 ,诊断采用B超、CT和血管造影等影像学检查手段。 17例中 ,肾切除手术 13例 ,肾活检术 1例 ,其余保守治疗。　结果　随访 6～ 10 8个月 ,死亡 3例 ,其余均健在。　结论　影像学是诊断本病的重要手段 ,CT最有诊断价值。治疗方法应根据病因决定 ,多数以手术为主。 Objective To improve the diagnosis and treatment of spontaneous subrenal and perirenal hematoma. Methods The clinical and follow-up data of 17 patients with subrenal and perinephric hematoma were retrospectively analyzed. The diagnostic methods included B-scan, CT and angiography. In 17 cases, 13 cases were treated with nephrectomy and 1 case with renal biopsy, the rest conservative treatment. Results The follow-up ranged from 6 to 108 months, with 3 deaths and the rest were alive. Conclusion Imaging is an important means to diagnose the disease, CT is the most diagnostic value. Treatment should be based on the cause of the decision, the majority of surgery-based.