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目的探讨心理护理及健康指导对肾脏疾病透析期患者依从性和负性情绪的影响,并观察透析效果。方法选取2014年6月-2016年6月在血液透析室接受透析治疗的肾脏疾病患者128例,将患者随机分为对照组和实验组各64例。对照组给予常规护理,实验组在对照组基础上加强心理护理及健康指导。采用焦虑自评量表(self-rating anxiety scale,SAS)和抑郁自评量表(self-rating depression scale,SDS)评估2组患者的负性情绪;检测患者血尿素氮(BUN)、血肌酐(Cr)值,比较2组患者透析效果;比较2组患者依从性、透析知识和自护技能、满意度。结果实验组SAS和SDS评分分别为(51.23±8.19)分和(52.60±7.58)分,低于对照组的(56.42±8.70)分和(58.28±7.93)分,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05),透析效果好于对照组,差异有统计学意义(Z=-1.968,P=0.049),患者依从性、透析知识和自护技能及满意度分别为(95.20±10.17)分、(93.49±11.28)分和(97.62±11.22)分,均高于对照组的(82.36±10.43)分、(87.16±11.05)分和(90.51±10.74)分,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论对肾脏疾病透析期患者加强心理护理及健康指导,能够提高患者获取知识及自我护理技能的能力及依从性,显著改善患者的负性情绪,提高透析效果。
Objective To investigate the effects of psychological nursing and health guidance on compliance and negative emotions in patients with kidney disease during dialysis and to investigate the effect of dialysis. Methods A total of 128 kidney disease patients who received dialysis in the hemodialysis room between June 2014 and June 2016 were randomly divided into control group and experimental group of 64 cases. The control group was given routine nursing, and the experimental group strengthened psychological nursing and health guidance on the basis of the control group. The negative emotions of two groups were evaluated by self-rating anxiety scale (SAS) and self-rating depression scale (SDS). Blood urea nitrogen (BUN), serum creatinine (Cr) values were compared between two groups of patients dialysis effect; comparisons were 2 groups of patients compliance, dialysis knowledge and self-care skills, satisfaction. Results The scores of SAS and SDS in the experimental group were (51.23 ± 8.19) and (52.60 ± 7.58) points lower than those in the control group (56.42 ± 8.70) and (58.28 ± 7.93) points, respectively, with significant difference (P < 0.05). The dialysis effect was better than that of the control group (Z = -1.968, P = 0.049). The compliance, dialysis knowledge, self-protection skills and satisfaction were 95.20 ± 10.17 and 93.49 ± 11.28) and (97.62 ± 11.22), respectively, which were significantly higher than those of the control group (82.36 ± 10.43), (87.16 ± 11.05) and (90.51 ± 10.74) points respectively. The difference was statistically significant (P <0.05). Conclusions Strengthening mental nursing and health guidance for patients with dialysis of kidney disease can improve patients ’ability and compliance to acquire knowledge and self-care skills, significantly improve patients’ negative emotions and improve dialysis effect.