Stem cells isolated from the amniotic fluid have been shown as a promising candidate for cell therapy and tissue engineering.However,the experimental and preclinical applications of amniotic fluid-derived stem cells (AFSCs) in the very field of maxillofacial bone tissue engineering are still limited.In this study,rat AFSCs were successfully harvested and characterized in vitro.The rat AFSCs showed typical fibroblastoid morphology,stable proliferation activity and multidifferentiation potential.Flow-cytometry analysis demonstrated that these cells were positive for CD29,CD44,and CD90,while negative for hematopoietic markers such as CD34 and CD45.The regenerative performance of AFSCs-premixed with platelet rich plasma (PRP) gel in restoration of alveolar bone defect was further investigated using a modified rat maxillary alveolar defect model.Micro-computer tomography and histological examination showed a superior regenerative capacity of AFSCs-premixed with PRP gel at both 4 and 8 weeks after operation comparing with control groups.Moreover,the implanted AFSCs can survive in the defect site and directly participate in the bone tissue regeneration.Taken together,these results indicated the feasibility of an AFSCs-based alveolar bone tissue engineering strategy for alveolar defect restoration.