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从1954年苏联第一座核电站发电以来,30多年来,核电得到了迅速发展。到1989年底,世界上27个国家和地区已建成的核电反应堆434座,总装机容量31800万千瓦,积累了5200多堆年的运行经验。现在全世界核电站的总发电量已占世界总发电量的17％。有一些国家和地区,核电站发电量占本国家总发电量的比例很大。例如:法国占74％,比利时占60％,西班牙占56％,瑞典占45％,瑞士占41％,西德占33％,日本占27％。说明核能已在许多国家和地区的能源建设中起着十分重要的作用。但是,在世界核电发展史上发生过两次严重事故。一次是1979年3月28日美国宾夕法尼亚州三里岛2号反应堆(是压水堆,电功率为96.1万千瓦,于1978年12月10日开始
From the first nuclear power plant in the Soviet Union in 1954, more than 30 years have seen the rapid development of nuclear power. By the end of 1989, 434 nuclear reactors have been built in 27 countries and regions in the world with a total installed capacity of 318 million kilowatts, accumulating more than 5,200 reactor operational experience. The total power generation of nuclear power plants in the world now accounts for 17% of the world’s total generating capacity. In some countries and regions, the proportion of nuclear power plants generating electricity accounts for a large proportion of the country’s total generating capacity. For example: France 74%, Belgium 60%, Spain 56%, Sweden 45%, Switzerland 41%, West Germany 33%, Japan 27%. This shows that nuclear energy has played a very important role in energy construction in many countries and regions. However, there have been two serious incidents in the world history of nuclear power development. One was March 2, 1979, Sanriao Island, Pennsylvania, United States reactor 2 (PWR, electric power of 961000 kilowatts, beginning on December 10, 1978