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单纯疱疹性角膜炎(HSK)是一种全球高发的严重感染性致盲眼病,视力的慢性损害常与感染的复发、角膜瘢痕、角膜白斑、新生血管以及新生淋巴管等相关.根据目前的研究,角膜的损伤是免疫系统对单纯疱疹病毒(HSV)抗原反应的结果.由于HSK发病机制尚不明确,治疗效果不满意,因此全面了解其初次感染、潜伏、复发的机制是有效治疗的前提.本文分别阐述自噬、免疫系统、细胞因子和微小RNA等几个方面在HSK感染与发病中的作用机制,以了解HSK的发生和发展过程,在一定程度上为HSK的诊断提供参考,并为HSK的治疗及药物研制等研究带来新的启发.“,”Herpes simplex keratitis (HSK) is a global high incidence of serious infectious cause of blindness.Chronic visual impairment and visual loss are caused by recurrence of infection,corneal scaring,keratoleukoma,corneal vascularization,lymphangion and so on.According to the current study,corneal injury is the result of chronic inflammatory reaction against herpes simplex virus (HSV) antigens.Because of its unclear pathogenesis,the treatment methods do not get satisfactory results.Overall understanding of first infection,latent and recurrent mechanism of the disease is the precondition for its effective treatment.By describing the role of autophagy,immune system,cytokines and miRNAs in the mechanism of HSK infection and pathogenesis,the readers can understand the process of the occurrence and development in HSK,to some degree,it will not only provide some references for the diagnosis of HSK,but also bring some new inspirtion in treatment and drug development.