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目的分析广州社区中老年2型糖尿病女性患者自我管理现状及影响因素。方法选取广州增城2个社区253例中老年2型糖尿病女性患者作为调查对象,采用一般资料调查表、糖尿病自我管理行为量表、糖尿病自我效能感量表、医学应对问卷和慢性病资源调查问卷进行调查,运用SPSS19.0统计软件,进行Z或χ~2检验,Spearman相关和多元逐步回归分析。结果 253名调查对象年龄(48.12士3.32)岁,病程(5.12士4.09)年;253例患者管理水平中等(52.2%),管理水平较低者有血糖监测(43.1%)、高低血糖处理(39.9%)和规律锻炼(35.2%);慢性病资源利用总体欠佳(52.2%),欠佳者主要为组织机构(59.7%)、邻里和社区(47.8%)及媒体和政策(45.5%)。多元回归分析提示:自我效能、慢性病资源利用、文化程度和屈服等因素显著影响自我管理水平。自我管理、自我效能、慢性病资源利用及应对方式存在一些显著性相关。结论针对性干预应包括健康教育、宣传和社会支持等,以提高患者自我管理水平,从而改善生活质量。
Objective To analyze the self-management status and influencing factors of female patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus in community of Guangzhou. Methods A total of 253 elderly women with type 2 diabetes mellitus in 2 communities of Zengcheng, Guangzhou were enrolled in this study. The questionnaires of general information survey, self-management diabetes mellitus, self-efficacy scale of diabetes mellitus, medical response questionnaire and chronic disease resource survey , Using SPSS19.0 statistical software, Z or χ ~ 2 test, Spearman correlation and multiple stepwise regression analysis. Results A total of 253 respondents were aged 48.12 ± 3.32 years and had a duration of 5.12 ± 4.09 years. 253 patients had moderate management (52.2%), and those with lower management had blood glucose monitoring (43.1%), hyperglycemia (39.9% %) And regular exercise (35.2%). The overall utilization of chronic disease resources was poor (52.2%), the less-favorable ones were organizations (59.7%), neighborhoods and communities (47.8%) and media and policies (45.5%). Multivariate regression analysis suggested that self-efficacy, resource utilization of chronic diseases, educational level and yield significantly influenced self-management. There were some significant correlations between self-management, self-efficacy, resources utilization and coping style of chronic diseases. Conclusions Targeted interventions should include health education, advocacy and social support to improve patient self-management and thus quality of life.