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以1910年代的河南为中心,本文分析了其近代治安组织和制度的形成过程、性质,以及地方社会的反映等,不仅最初研讨了河南近代治安组织的成立过程,而且较详细地接近了民国初期国家建设的真相。袁世凯政权和省政府以警察、县警备队、侦缉队、保卫团等新的治安组织为手段,对分散的、由地方上层人士主导的多种武装组织进行了制度化和统治化,将中央权力渗透到地方社会。但是治安组织的“改革”过程所显示出的组织负责人的资质问题,比机构以及制度的形式性扩充是更为重要的本质问题。在确立新的治安组织的过程中,无赖、地痞、流氓、土棍等代替以前的地主、绅士为中心的地方上层人士掌握了治安组织,成为“反上层人士(counter elite)”。在这个过程中,为了掌握组织的“权力斗争”和治安组织的腐败也是不可避免的。
In the 1910s, Henan as the center, this article analyzes the formation process, the nature and the reflection of the local social security organizations and institutions, not only initially discussed the establishment process of modern law and order organization in Henan Province, but also approached the early Republican period The truth of nation building. Yuan Shih-kai’s regime and the provincial government have institutionalized and regularized various militant groups that are dominated by the local upper-class people with new police organizations including the police, county garrison, detective team, and security group. The Central Power Infiltrate into local society. However, the issue of the qualifications of the person-in-charge of the organization as demonstrated by the “reform” process of the CSO is more of a more fundamental and intrinsic issue than the formal expansion of institutions and institutions. In the process of establishing a new law and order organization, local elites, such as rogues, ruffians, gangsters, and earth sticks, instead of former landlords and gentlemen, have mastered law and order organizations and become “counter elites.” In this process, it is also inevitable to grasp the “power struggles” of the organization and the corruption of the security organization.