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肿瘤的良、恶性决定于细胞的良、恶性,因此,从细胞生物学和分子生物学的角度来了解肿瘤细胞,对于肿瘤的良、恶性的理解是十分有帮助的。一、核Lebert(1851)最先注意到恶性细胞的核大于正常细胞核,Virchow(1863～1867)进一步说明细胞核大于正常可作为诊断肿瘤的重要指标。恶性肿瘤细胞核增大,胞体却不随着其增大的比例而增大,因此,核浆比例大于正常(Koller,1963)。在细胞涂片上鉴别细胞良、恶性主要是依靠细胞核的形态,因此,重点介绍恶性细胞核的改变。(一)核仁。核仁在电镜下是由纤维状和细颗粒状两种成分组成。细纤维约5～8毫微米横径,颗粒约15毫微米直径,均为rRNA。细纤维是颗粒的前
The benign and malignant tumors are determined by their benign and malignant properties. Therefore, understanding tumor cells from the aspects of cell biology and molecular biology is very helpful in understanding the benign and malignant tumors. First, nuclear Lebert (1851) first noted that the nucleus of malignant cells was larger than that of normal nuclei. Virchow (1863-1867) further demonstrated that nuclei larger than normal could be used as important markers in the diagnosis of tumors. The nuclei of malignant tumors increase, but the cell bodies do not increase with their increasing proportion. Therefore, the proportion of nuclear plasma is larger than normal (Koller, 1963). Identification of cells in the cell smear benign and malignant mainly depends on the morphology of the nucleus, therefore, focusing on changes in the malignant cell nucleus. (A) nucleolus. Nucleolus in the electron microscope is composed of fibrous and fine granular two components. Fine fibers are about 5 to 8 nanometers in diameter and about 15 nanometers in diameter, all rRNA. Fine fibers are the first particles