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目前获准上市的流脑疫苗主要有A群、A+C群以及A、C、W-135及Y群的四价混合疫苗,上述疫苗的有效免疫原成分均为脑膜炎球菌的荚膜多糖。而B群脑膜炎奈瑟菌的荚膜多糖因与人类N-乙酰神经氨酸聚合物结构相似,可能产生交叉反应,引起自身免疫病,不适合用作B群流脑的疫苗候选抗原。因此,研究者把焦点转向B群脑膜炎奈瑟菌外膜蛋白,目前报道的B群流脑疫苗外膜蛋白候选抗原主要包括fHBP、NspA、NHBA、NhhA、NadA、GNA1946、GNA1162、NMB0315等。本文就上述外膜蛋白作为B群流脑疫苗候选抗原的最新进展作一综述。
At present, the meningococcal vaccines that are currently approved for marketing are mainly the four-valent mixed vaccine of group A, group A + C, and group A, C, W-135 and Y. The effective immunogens of the vaccine are both capsular polysaccharide of meningococcus. However, the capsular polysaccharide of N. meningitidis group B is similar to the human N-acetylneuraminic acid polymer and may cross-react and cause autoimmune diseases. Therefore, it is not suitable as a vaccine candidate antigen of Group B meningitis. Therefore, the researchers turned their attention to the outer membrane protein of Neisseria meningitidis group B. Currently, candidate outer membrane protein candidates of Group B meningitis vaccine include fHBP, NspA, NHBA, NhA, NadA, GNA1946, GNA1162 and NMB0315. This review summarizes the recent progress of these outer membrane proteins as candidate antigens of Group B meningitis vaccine.