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犯罪构成的核心,乃定位于犯罪的实体评价机制。然而,如果仅仅将犯罪构成的意义局限于实体层面,就会陷入某种片面。事实上,犯罪构成是刑事诉讼过程中整体性的指导观念,在其体系构建的背后,存在着复杂的程序主义考量。文章以德日、英美法系为讨论背景,以犯罪构成与刑事诉讼证明的勾连为切入点,尝试对犯罪构成体系的程序价值予以初步拓展,同时为中国犯罪构成体系之改进,提供某种批判性的思路。在作者看来,犯罪构成可谓是指导刑事诉讼证明的概念框架。这不仅是因为,犯罪构成的要件集合决定了“实体形成”的基本轮廓,从而限定了待证对象的大体范围;也不仅仅是因为,犯罪构成的位阶顺序,规定着举证责任的履行顺序,双方举证责任的转换与推进,正是在位阶体系的轨迹上前行;更为重要的是因为,犯罪构成的体系结构,决定了形式证明责任的分配界限,制约着证明标准的尺度高低。从某种意义上讲,刑事诉讼证明中的基本问题,都必须回到犯罪构成的层面,才能获得妥当而可靠的解决。
The core of crime constitutes an entity evaluation mechanism which is located in the crime. However, if only the meaning of the crime is limited to the physical level, it will fall into a one-sidedness. In fact, the constitution of crime is the holistic guiding concept in the process of criminal procedure. Behind its system construction, there are complicated procedural considerations. Based on the background of the German-Japanese and Anglo-American legal system, this article starts with the connection between criminal structure and criminal procedure evidence, tries to expand the procedural value of criminal constitution system and provides some critique for the improvement of constitutional system in China Sexual thinking. In the author’s opinion, the composition of crime can be described as the conceptual framework that guides the proof of criminal proceedings. This is not only because the set of essential elements of the crime determine the basic outline of the “entity formation”, thus defining the general scope of the object to be witnesses; nor is it merely because the order of the order of the crimes constitutes the order of proof The order of fulfillment and the transformation and promotion of the burden of proof on both sides are precisely on the trajectory of the hierarchy; more importantly, the system structure of the crime determines the distribution limits of the burden of formal proof and restricts the standard of proof Scales In a sense, the basic problems in the proof of criminal proceedings must all be returned to the level of the constitution of crimes so that a proper and credible solution can be obtained.