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欧洲制浆造纸业每年排放的废弃物达1100万t,其中70%来自废纸脱墨的生产过程。与脱墨浆生产用的废纸相比,用原生浆进行造纸产生的废弃物较少,但废弃物性质相同。由于赋税的增加与立法的约束,废弃物填埋处理在欧洲已经基本被淘汰,现在通过焚烧来回收热能已成为处理废弃物的最主要途径。其他处理手段,如热分解、气化、堆制肥料和作为建筑材料使用都有一定的应用,但是为优化这些方法还需要继续进行研究。由于废弃物量大、水分高,处理过程中还会改变废弃物的化学结构,导致废弃物回收利用的成本增加,而且对环境也有一定的影响。因此,应继续研究废弃物的不同应用,同时要考虑到环境和经济因素。
The European pulp and paper industry discharges 11 million tons of waste each year, 70% of which come from the deinking of waste paper. Compared with waste paper for deinking pulp production, papermaking with virgin pulp produces less waste but the same nature of waste. Due to the increase of taxation and the restriction of legislation, landfill disposal in Europe has basically been eliminated. Now the heat recovery by incineration has become the most important way to dispose of waste. Other treatments such as pyrolysis, gasification, composting and use as building materials have some applications, but further research is needed to optimize these methods. Due to the large amount of waste and high water content, the chemical structure of the waste is also changed during the treatment, resulting in an increase in the cost of waste recycling, and also has an impact on the environment. Therefore, different applications of waste should continue to be studied, taking into account environmental and economic considerations.