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[目的]探讨不同夏播大豆品种的高产特性。[方法]于2007~2010年,对冀豆17等6个具有高产潜力夏大豆品种以及各级区域试验的57个品种的不同生育时期的农艺性状进行了调查分析。[结果]高产夏大豆品种应具备如下生育特性:(1)植株高大(R=0.551 6*)、有效荚数多(R=0.739 7*)、荚粒数多(R=0.318 9);(2)开花量大(单株130朵以上),成荚率高(52%以上),后期落荚少(落荚率40%以下);(3)主根、侧根较长(分别达到20、15 cm以上),基部节间短(基部6节总长25 cm以下),植株重心低(40 cm以下);(4)茎秆干重较高、干物质转移较多(平均4.29 g);(5)鼓粒后期(始粒30 d以后)籽粒重持续增加,不降低。同时提出夏大豆品种生育模式:从播种到出苗5 d,从出苗到开花29~33 d,从开花到始粒29~33 d,从始粒到成熟32~36 d,全生育期95~106 d。[结论]这种生育期结构模式,既能满足当地两熟制大豆生态条件,也能满足营养生长和生殖生长阶段的充分发育,有利于夏播品种的高产。
[Objective] The research aimed to discuss the high yield characteristics of different summer sowing soybean varieties. [Method] From 2007 to 2010, the agronomic traits of six varieties of summer soybean with high yield potential and 57 varieties of regional trial at different levels were investigated and analyzed at different growth stages. [Result] The results showed that the high yield summer soybean varieties should have the following reproductive characteristics: (1) the plant height was large (R = 0.551 6 *), the effective pod number was more (R = 0.739 7 * (3) main root and long lateral root (reaching 20 and 15 respectively), high pod rate (above 52%), less late pod (4 cm). The dry weight of stalks was higher and the dry matter transfer was more (average 4.29 g). (5) ) Drum grain late (after 30 d grain) grain weight continued to increase, does not reduce. At the same time, the fertility mode of summer soybean varieties was put forward: from sowing to emergence 5 d, from emergence to flowering 29 ~ 33 d, from flowering to primordial grain 29 ~ 33 d, from primordium to maturity 32 ~ 36 d, the whole growth period 95 ~ 106 d. [Conclusion] The pattern of growth period could not only satisfy the local ecological conditions of two ripe soybean, but also fully meet the requirements of vegetative and reproductive growth stages and be favorable for the high yield of summer sowing varieties.