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【目的】探究甜荞的结实性及授粉受精过程中花粉管的生长动态,为甜荞自交不亲和性机理的研究奠定基础。【方法】以同型花和异型花甜荞品种为材料,在温室条件下利用自然和人工杂交授粉,调查结实率,并对异型花品种的自交和杂交花柱进行荧光显微观察。【结果】1)同型花品种结实率31.5%~72.7%,其为自花结实性品种;异型花品种的结实率为0~6.3%,其为自花不结实品种。2)异型花的异类型花之间杂交结实,其中以长花柱为母本杂交时的结实率高于以短花柱为母本杂交时的结实率;异型花的同类型花之间杂交时不结实或结实率很低,少量的结实发生在长花柱与长花柱类型杂交之间。3)在异型花品种中,长花柱与长花柱杂交授粉,花粉萌发,花粉管伸长,但在花柱的2/3处(时间为1~1.5h)被抑制,其识别部位尚不清楚;短花柱与短花柱杂交授粉,花粉萌发,但花粉管没有伸长,因此其识别和抑制部位均在柱头;异类型花之间杂交花粉管发育正常,并且花粉发育速度快于同类型花之间杂交。【结论】异型花甜荞自交或同类型花之间杂交,花粉管在柱头或花柱中被抑制使甜荞结实率降低,从而降低产量。同型花品种自交可育,结实率提高,培育同型花甜荞是提高产量的有效手段。
【Objective】 The objective of this study was to investigate the seed setting of pollen and the growth dynamics of pollen tube during pollination and fertilization, which laid the foundation for the research on the mechanism of self-incompatibility of buckwheat. 【Method】 The flowers of the same type and different flowers were made by natural and artificial hybrid pollination under the greenhouse conditions. The rate of seed setting was investigated. The self-cross and hybrid style of heterosis flower were observed by fluorescence microscopy. 【Result】 1) Seed setting rate of homozygous varieties was 31.5% -72.7%, which was a self-inflorescences variety. Seed-setting rate of heterozygous varieties was 0-6.3%, which was a self-infested species. 2) Heterozygous flowers heterozygous hybrids between the strong, of which the long style as the female parent when the seed setting rate is higher than the short style as the female parent when the seed setting rate; hybrid flowers of the same type of hybridization is not Seed or seed setting rate is very low, a small amount of fruiting occurs in the long style and long style between the type of hybridization. 3) In heterotypic flower varieties, the long-style and long-style style hybrids pollination, pollen germination and pollen tube elongation, but in the style of 2/3 (time is 1 ~ 1.5h) is inhibited, the identification of the site is not clear; Short-style and short-style cross-pollinated pollen germination, pollen tube germination but no elongation, so its identification and suppression sites are stigma; heterogeneous flower hybridization between normal development of pollen tube and pollen development faster than the same type of flowers Hybridization. 【Conclusion】 Allium sativum L. hybrids self-cross or the same type of hybrids, pollen tube is inhibited in the stigma or style to reduce the rate of seed setting, thus reducing the yield. The same flower varieties self-fertility, seed setting rate increased, the same type of flower buckwheat cultivation is an effective means to increase production.