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目的了解湖北省部分县市血吸虫疫区农村户厕与粪便无害化处理现况。方法于2007年9月选择血吸虫疫区的6个行政村(4个改厕村、2个非改厕村),每村随机抽查30座农村户厕,对调查对象的户厕建筑与粪便处理情况进行问卷调查,同时采集粪液样品进行实验室检验。结果120座卫生户厕中,厕屋内无蛆、蛹、成蝇的有114座(95%),而60座非卫生户厕的厕屋内无蛆、蛹、成蝇的有20座(33.33%);卫生户厕粪液经三格式和沼气式的粪池无害化处理后,三格式第三池和沼气池出料口粪液中的蛔虫卵合格率分别为95.6%和98.6%,粪大肠菌值均合格,活蛔虫卵、血吸虫卵、活血吸虫卵均未检出;卫生户厕农户的血吸虫病患病率(8.45‰)比非卫生户厕农户(15.02‰)低43.7%。结论血吸虫疫区农村的卫生户厕可比较有效地改善环境卫生,且对粪便无害化处理的效果显著,可降低血吸虫病患病率。
Objective To understand the status of decontamination of rural household toilets and manure in schistosomiasis endemic areas in some counties and cities in Hubei Province. Methods Six administrative villages (four lavatories and two non-lavatories) of schistosomiasis were selected in September 2007, and 30 rural household toilets were randomly selected in each village. The survey results of household toilet construction and excrement disposal Questionnaire survey, while collecting fecal samples for laboratory testing. Results Of the 120 sanitary toilets, there were 114 (95%) without maggots, pupae and adult flies in the toilet room, while 20 toilets (33.33% ); Sanitation household toilet liquid by the three formats and biogas septic tanks harmless treatment, the third format of the third pool and biogas digester effluent ascaris eggs in pass rates were 95.6% and 98.6%, respectively, dung Escherichia coli were all qualified, live roundworm eggs, schistosome eggs and live schistosome eggs were not detected. The prevalence of schistosomiasis among households with sanitary household toilets (8.45 ‰) was 43.7% lower than that of non-household household toilets (15.02 ‰). Conclusions Sanitary toilets in rural areas of schistosomiasis can effectively improve sanitation, and have a significant effect on decontamination of manure and can reduce the prevalence of schistosomiasis.