利他行为(altruism)能帮助人建立社交网络并借此促进人的“契约”意识,从而促进人类社会能力的发展。个体需根据环境社会信息形成对人或事物的认识、判断与推论,这就必须形成相应的决策与判断取向或能力。孤独症谱系障碍(ASD)的社会认知缺陷可致其很难在变化的社会环境中接受、处理和编码社会性线索,做出有意义的利他行为。本文对ASD利他决策的表现特征及相关神经心理机制的神经经济学研究进行了文献回顾,指出利他决策的异常可为ASD社会认知障碍的相关研究提供崭新的视角。 Altruism can help people build social networks and thereby promote people’s “contract ” awareness, thereby promoting the development of human social capabilities. Individuals need to form an understanding, judgment and deduction of people or things according to environmental and social information, which must form the corresponding decision-making and judgment orientation or ability. The social cognitive deficits of autism spectrum disorder (ASD) can make it difficult for them to accept, process and encode social clues and make meaningful altruistic behaviors in a changing social environment. This article reviews the literature review of the neurodevelopmental characteristics of ASD altruism and its related neuropsychological mechanisms and points out that the abnormality of altruistic decision-making may provide a new perspective for the research on ASD social cognitive disorder.