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为了探讨干扰对强烈侵蚀小流域的景观空间格局影响,使用1973年航片与2006年快鸟影像及地面调查数据,运用景观多样性、景观优势度、景观均匀度等多种景观格局指数对蒋家沟小流域不同时期景观格局进行研究,并采用分室模型对不同干扰强度对景观格局的影响特征进行模拟分析。结果表明:1973—2006年间蒋家沟流域的景观多样性与优势度未有显著的变化,但均匀度及破碎度发生显著变化,景观格局总体上发生强烈改变。从局部上看,流域主要变化景观为阔叶林、针叶林、灌木林与坡耕地,人为干扰与灾害活动的加强导致景观破碎化加剧。利用分室模型模拟干扰影响景观格局的研究表明,加大干扰强度在短期内可促使景观多样性增加,随着时间的推移,景观多样性将不断降低。
In order to explore the influence of disturbance on the landscape spatial pattern of the eroded small watershed, using the 1973 aerial photos and Quickbird images and ground survey data, using various landscape pattern indexes such as landscape diversity, landscape dominance and landscape evenness, The landscape pattern in different periods of Jiagou small watershed was studied, and the influence of different disturbance intensity on the landscape pattern was simulated by using the compartment model. The results showed that there was no significant change in the landscape diversity and dominance in the Jiangjiagou watershed from 1973 to 2006, but the uniformity and fragmentation changed significantly, and the landscape pattern changed greatly in general. From a local point of view, the main landscape changes in the watershed are broadleaf forest, coniferous forest, shrubbery and sloping farmland. The intensification of human disturbance and disasters led to the aggravation of landscape fragmentation. The research on the influence of the disturbance on the landscape pattern using the sub-room model shows that increasing the disturbance intensity can promote the increase of the landscape diversity in a short period of time, and the landscape diversity will decrease with the passage of time.