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为探索旱地小麦休闲期覆盖保水配施磷肥高产、优质的技术途径,在山西农业大学闻喜试验基地采用大田试验研究了休闲期覆盖或不覆盖条件下低(75 kg/hm2)、中(112.5 kg/hm2)、高(150 kg/hm2)施磷水平对土壤水分、籽粒蛋白质形成的影响及其生理机制。结果表明:休闲期覆盖后,播种期0-100 cm土壤蓄水量显著提高,达39-42 mm,而开花期60-100 cm土层降低。覆盖后,花后旗叶和籽粒GS和GOGAT活性提高,籽粒游离氨基酸和灌浆后期GMP含量提高,籽粒蛋白质及其组分含量、谷/醇均提高。增加施磷量,开花期20-60 cm、80-100 cm土层蓄水量降低,而花后旗叶和籽粒GS活性提高,且覆盖条件下花后0-15 d、20 d旗叶GOGAT活性,花后5 d、15 d、25-30 d籽粒GOGAT活性,籽粒游离氨基酸含量、籽粒GMP含量提高,籽粒蛋白质及其组分含量、谷/醇、蛋白质产量显著提高,产量提高940-1452 kg/hm2。此外,休闲期覆盖配施磷肥条件下,开花期深层土壤水分与旗叶GS和GOGAT活性密切相关,旗叶和籽粒GS和GOGAT活性均与游离氨基酸含量、谷/醇、蛋白质产量关系密切。总之,旱地小麦休闲期覆盖有利于提高底墒,且配合施磷量150 kg/hm2可促进根系吸收深层土壤水分,提高产量的同时也提高了籽粒蛋白质含量、GMP含量和谷/醇。
In order to explore the high-yielding and high-quality technical means of covering phosphate fertilizer in the dry land wheat during the leisure period, a field experiment was conducted in Wenxi Experimental Base of Shanxi Agricultural University to study the effects of low (75 kg / hm2) kg / hm2) and high (150 kg / hm2) phosphorus application on soil moisture and grain protein formation and their physiological mechanisms. The results showed that the water storage of 0-100 cm soil layer increased significantly during the seasons, reaching 39-42 mm, while the soil layer of 60-100 cm decreased at flowering stage. After coverage, the activities of GS and GOGAT in post-anthesis flag leaves and grains increased, the content of free amino acids in grains and GMP in grain filling stage increased, and the contents of grain protein and its components, and grain / alcohol increased. Increased the amount of P application. The water storage capacity decreased from 20 cm to 60 cm in flowering stage and increased in 80-100 cm soil layer, while the GS activity of flag leaf and grain increased after flowering. Under the conditions of 0-15 d and 20 d after flowering, the flag leaf GOGAT Activity, GOGAT activity, free amino acid content and GMP content of grain at 5 d, 15 d, 25-30 d after anthesis, grain protein and its component content, grain / alcohol and protein yield increased significantly, yield increased by 940-1452 kg / hm2. In addition, the activities of GS and GOGAT in the flag leaf and grain were closely related to the activities of GS and GOGAT in the flag leaf and grain under the condition of phosphate fertilizer, and the activities of GS and GOGAT in flag leaf and grain were closely related to the contents of free amino acids, grain / alcohol and protein. In short, the coverage of wheat in fallow land during the fallow period was beneficial to increase the soil moisture content. With the application of 150 kg / hm2 of phosphorus, the root absorption of deep soil moisture was promoted and the grain protein content, GMP content and grain / alcohol content were also increased.