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目的观察大鼠骨骼肌失神经支配后肌萎缩和成肌细胞增殖动力学的动态变化及其与骨骼肌萎缩的关系。方法建立３０只ＳＤ大鼠上肢骨骼肌失神经后肌萎缩的模型，右侧为手术侧，左侧为正常对照侧。手术后观察不同时间组大鼠上肢的臂围、肌湿重和肌纤维的动态变化，并采用流式细胞仪检测肌细胞增殖动力学的变化。结果大鼠臂丛神经损伤后，上肢臂围变细，骨骼肌湿重减轻，肌纤维变小。骨骼肌在失神经支配后１０～１５天内萎缩速度最快，以后萎缩速度逐渐变慢。当骨骼肌失神经支配后４～１２周内，Ｓ期细胞增多，Ｇ２－Ｍ期细胞减少。结论大鼠骨骼肌失神经支配后４～１２周内，成肌细胞的细胞周期停滞于Ｓ期，完整的细胞分裂过程减少，肌细胞增殖能力下降。
Objective To observe the dynamic changes of muscle atrophy and proliferation of myoblasts after denervation of skeletal muscle in rats and its relationship with skeletal muscle atrophy. Methods A model of muscular atrophy after skeletal muscle denervation in 30 SD rats was established. The right side was operated side and the left side was normal control side. After the operation, the dynamic changes of the arm circumference, the muscle wet weight and the muscle fibers of the upper limbs of the rats in different time groups were observed. The changes of myocyte proliferation kinetics were detected by flow cytometry. Results After brachial plexus injury, the upper arm circumference became thinner, the weight of skeletal muscle decreased and the muscle fibers became smaller. Skeletal muscle denervation dominated 10 to 15 days after the fastest atrophy, after atrophy slowed down gradually. When skeletal muscle denervation dominated 4 to 12 weeks, S phase cells increased, G2-M phase cells decreased. Conclusion Skeletal muscle denervation within 4 to 12 weeks after denervation, myoblast cell cycle arrest in the S phase, the complete cell division process decreased, myocyte proliferation decreased.