目的　探讨 Bcl- 2和 Bax蛋白表达与非小细胞肺癌 (NSCLC)临床病理特征的关系。方法　应用免疫组化 SP法检测了 30例正常肺组织和 61例 NSCLC中 Bcl- 2和 Bax蛋白的表达。结果　 NSCLC组织中 Bcl- 2蛋白表达率 (57.38% )显著高于正常肺组织 (1 3.33% ) (P <0 .0 1 ) ,而NSCLC组织中 Bax蛋白表达率 (45.90 % )显著低于正常肺组织 (80 .0 0 % ) (P <0 .0 1 ) ,鳞癌和腺癌中 Bcl- 2和 Bax蛋白表达率均无显著差异 (P >0 .0 5) ,Bcl- 2蛋白表达率与 NSCLC病理分级及淋巴转移潜能呈正相关 (P <0 .0 5) ,与 P- TNM分期无关 (P >0 .0 5) ,Bax蛋白表达率与NSCLC病理分级、P- TNM分期及淋巴转移潜能呈负相关 (P <0 .0 1～ 0 .0 0 5) ,Bcl- 2和 Bax蛋白在 NSCL C中的表达呈负相关 (χ2 =9.93,P <0 .0 0 5)。结论　 Bcl- 2和 Bax蛋白相互抑制 ,均与 NSCLC发生、发展有关 ,可作为反映 NSCLC生物学行为的指标 Objective To investigate the relationship between the expression of Bcl-2 and Bax proteins and the clinicopathological features of non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). Methods Immunohistochemical SP method was used to detect the expression of Bcl-2 and Bax in 30 normal lung tissues and 61 NSCLC cases. Results The expression rate of Bcl-2 protein in NSCLC tissues was significantly higher than that in normal lung tissues (1 3.33%) (P < 0.01), while the expression rate of Bax protein in NSCLC tissues was significantly lower than normal (45.9%). The expression of Bcl-2 and Bax protein in squamous cell carcinoma and adenocarcinoma were not significantly different (P 0. 05) and the expression of Bcl-2 protein in lung tissue (80%) (P <0.01). The rate was positively correlated with the pathological grade and lymphatic metastasis potential of NSCLC (P < 0.05), but not with P-TNM stage (P> 0.05). The expression rate of Bax protein was correlated with the pathological grade of NSCLC, P-TNM stage, and lymph node. The metastatic potential was negatively correlated (P < 0.01 ~ 0.05), and the expression of Bcl-2 and Bax protein was negatively correlated in NSCL C (χ2 = 9.93, P <0.05). Conclusion The mutual inhibition of Bcl-2 and Bax protein is related to the occurrence and development of NSCLC, which can be used as an indicator reflecting the biological behavior of NSCLC.