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目的分析青海省果洛藏族自治州达日县棘球蚴病的流行分布现状,为制定预防控制措施提供科学依据。方法于2007年8～9月对达日县6个乡各2～3个自然村的3周岁以上常驻牧民分别用B超、间接红细胞凝集试验(IHA)和间接ELISA法(重组AgB和Em18抗原)检查两型棘球蚴病患病和感染情况。并调查当地啮齿类动物、牦牛、绵羊和野犬的感染情况,对采集的棘球绦虫和棘球蚴用PCR-RFLP方法进行虫种鉴定,并确定其基因型。收集牧民的家犬粪便,用双抗体夹心法检测粪抗原阳性率。结果共调查牧民1723人,B超查出棘球蚴病患者236例(占13.7%),其中囊型和泡型棘球蚴病患病率分别为5.5%(95/1723)和8.2%(141/1723)。男、女性棘球蚴病患病率分别为11.6%和16.0%(χ2=7.0,P<0.05)。家犬粪抗原阳性率为11.3%(31/275)。剖检9只无主犬,其中5只棘球绦虫感染阳性,对检获的虫体经PCR-RFLP鉴定,1只犬感染细粒棘球绦虫,基因型为G1,4只犬感染多房棘球绦虫。牦牛、绵羊的细粒棘球蚴感染率分别为26.4%(14/53)和5/16,对从牦牛、绵羊检获的细粒棘球蚴经PCR-RFLP鉴定,基因型均为G1。捕获高原鼠兔239只,石渠棘球绦虫感染率为11.3%(27/239)。结论达日县存在细粒棘球绦虫、多房棘球绦虫和石渠棘球绦虫的分布,泡型和囊型棘球蚴病在人群中严重流行,犬是细粒棘球绦虫和多房棘球绦虫主要传染源。
Objective To analyze the epidemiological distribution of hydatid disease in Dayi County, Guoluo Tibetan Autonomous Prefecture, Qinghai Province, and provide a scientific basis for making prevention and control measures. Methods From August to September in 2007, B-mode, indirect hemagglutination test (IHA) and indirect ELISA (recombinant AgB and Em18 antigen) were performed on resident herds over 3 years old in 2 ~ 3 villages in 6 townships, Check the two types of hydatid disease prevalence and infection. The infection status of rodents, yaks, sheep and wild dogs in the area was investigated. The collected echinococcus and hydatid cysts were identified by PCR-RFLP and their genotypes were determined. Collect herdsman’s dog’s feces, using double antibody sandwich method to detect fecal antigen positive rate. Results A total of 1723 herdsmen were surveyed and 236 cases (13.7%) were diagnosed by Echocardiography. The prevalence of cystic and alveolar hydatid disease were 5.5% (95/1723) and 8.2% 141/1723). The prevalence rates of male and female hydatid disease were 11.6% and 16.0%, respectively (χ2 = 7.0, P <0.05). Dog fecal antigen positive rate was 11.3% (31/275). Nine non-primary dogs were dissected, of which 5 were positive for Echinococcus. The sera were identified by PCR-RFLP. One dog was infected with Echinococcus granulosus, and the genotype was G1. Tape tapeworm. The infection rates of echinococcus granulosus in yak and sheep were 26.4% (14/53) and 5/16 respectively. The Echinococcus granulosus sera from yak and sheep were identified by PCR-RFLP and the genotypes were all G1. 239 plateau pikas were captured. The infection rate of Echinococcus granulosus was 11.3% (27/239). Conclusion The distribution of Echinococcus granulosus, Echinococcus multilocularis and Echinococcus granulosus is present in Damian County. Bubble and cystic echinococcosis are very prevalent among the population. The dogs are Echinococcus granulosus and multifocal Echinococcus primary infection source.