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目的 观察北京市儿童6岁龄复种麻腮风联合减毒活疫苗(MMR) 的免疫原性,评价该剂疫苗的必要性.方法 采用单纯随机抽样方法在北京市西城区和门头沟区14个接种门诊选择75名8-9月龄已接种1剂麻疹风疹联合减毒活疫苗(MR) 、18-23月龄已接种1剂MMR、未患过麻疹、风疹和流行性腮腺炎(流腮) 的72-83月龄儿童,复种1剂MMR,采用酶联免疫吸附试验检测免疫前后血清麻疹、风疹和流腮IgG抗体.结果75名观察对象MMR免疫前和免疫后麻疹、风疹、流腮抗体阳性率分别为94. 67％和100％、93. 33％和98. 67％、94. 67％和100％(Fisher's精确概率法,P =0. 120、0. 209、0. 120),抗体中位数浓度分别为756. 19mIU/ml和1 077. 13mIU/ml(Z =-6. 00,P ＜ 0. 001) 、48. 08U/ml和91. 86U/ml(Z =-6. 78,P ＜ 0. 001) 、501. 70U/ml和2 374. 14U/ml(Z =-7. 53,P ＜ 0. 001); 免疫后抗体阳转率分别为8. 00％、6. 67％、53. 33％.结论 儿童6岁龄接种MMR能显著提高流腮抗体水平,有利于降低流腮发病率,因此该剂疫苗仍有必要接种.“,”Objective To determine the immunogenicity of revaccination with measles,mumps and rubella combined attenuated live vaccine (MMR) at 6 years of age,and to assess the necessity of the 6-yearold MMR dose in Beijing. Methods We used a simple random sampling method to select 75 children aged 72-83 months from 14 immunization clinics of Xicheng and Mentougou districts who had received 1 dose of measles and rubella combined vaccine (MR) at 8-9 months and 1 dose of MMR at 18-23 months, and who had no history of measles,rubella or mumps. Serum specimens were collected from all subjects before,and one month after the revaccination to detect IgG antibody against measles,mumps and rubella by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. Results Positivity rates of measles,rubella and mumps antibody before and after revaccination were 94. 67％ vs 100％,93. 33％ vs 98. 67％,and 94. 67％ vs 100％ (Fisher's exact test,P =0. 120,0. 209 and 0. 120),respectively; median concentrations of antibodies were 756. 19 vs 1 077. 13 mIU/ml (Z =-6. 00,P ＜ 0. 001),48. 08 vs 91. 86 U/ml (Z =- 6. 78,P ＜ 0. 001 ),and 501. 70 vs 2 374. 14 U/ml (Z =-7. 53,P ＜ 0. 001 ),respectively. Seroconversion rates were 8. 00％,6. 67％,and 53. 33％,respectively. Conclusions An MMR dose given at 6 years of age significantly improved mumps antibody levels,which may help decrease transmission of mumps virus. We believe that an MMR dose at 6 years of age is necessary in Beijing.