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利用联合国粮农组织(FAO)1950–2011年渔获物捕捞量资料,分析了我国海域(包括大陆海域、台湾海域、香港海域和澳门海域)129种渔获物的营养级指数变化特征。研究表明,1950–1974年我国海洋营养级指数在3.45左右波动,1975–1978年下降至3.35左右,1982–1987年急剧下降到3.25并维持到1996年,1997–2011年平稳回升至3.34。与全球海洋营养级指数相比,1984年之前我国高于全球水平,而1984年之后则低于全球水平。就生物类群而言,鱼类对我国海洋营养级指数的贡献最大,达73.1–85.8%;甲壳动物次之,为9.2–15.5%;软体动物较小,为3.3–11.6%;其他无脊椎动物的贡献最小,不超过1.8%。过度捕捞使我国部分渔获物由原来的长寿命、高营养级的底层鱼类变为现在的短寿命、低营养级的无脊椎动物和中上层鱼类。渔业捕捞许可管理制度、禁渔期和禁渔区制度、海洋捕捞产量“零增长”和“负增长”计划、增殖放流、扩大海洋保护区面积等措施的实施可能是我国海洋营养级指数回升的主要原因。
Based on the Catches of Catches by the UN Food and Agriculture Organization (FAO) from 1950 to 2011, the trophic level indices of 129 catch species in China’s sea areas including the mainland, Taiwan, Hong Kong and Macau waters were analyzed. The study shows that from 1950 to 1974 China’s marine trophic level index fluctuated around 3.45, from 1975 to 1978 to about 3.35, dropped sharply to 3.25 in 1982-1987 and was maintained to 1996, and steadily rose to 3.34 in 1997-2011. Compared with the global marine trophic level index, our country was above the global average before 1984, but below the global level after 1984. In terms of biota, fish contributed the most to China’s marine trophic level index, at 73.1-85.8%; followed by crustaceans at 9.2-15.5%; mollusks at 3.3-11.6%; other invertebrates The smallest contribution, not exceeding 1.8%. Overexploitation changed some of our catch from the original long-lived and trophic lower-level fish to the present short-lived and low-trophic invertebrates and pelagic fish. The implementation of measures such as the management system of fishery fishing permission, the regime of closed fishing and no-fishing zone, the plan of marine fishing output “zero growth ” and “negative growth ”, the expansion and release of flow and the expansion of the area of marine protected areas may be the implementation of China’s marine trophic level index The main reason for the rise.