针对飞机表面易结冰部位设计超疏水表面,可以大幅度减轻对高能耗防/除冰技术的依赖程度,进而提高飞机的燃油经济性。主要通过实验研究与数值模拟的手段,分析讨论了液滴撞击分级粗糙结构超疏水表面过程中的能量耗散机制。以Ti6Al4V为基体经过喷砂处理形成微米级粗糙结构,然后在1mol/L的低浓度NaOH溶液中水热生长一层一维纳米线,构建出微/纳米复合粗糙结构并氟化修饰获得超疏水表面。通过场发射扫描电镜(FE-SEM)观察了微观形貌的变化规律,利用动态视频接触角测量仪表征试样表面液滴表观接触角与接触角滞后。基于气液两相流动界面追踪的复合Level set-VOF方法,实现了液滴撞击超疏水表面过程的数值模拟。采用高速摄像技术记录了撞击液滴在超疏水表面的运动过程,实验验证了模拟方法与铺展计算模型的正确性,并详细讨论了液滴运动过程中的能量耗散问题,分析表明液滴撞击过程中的能量耗散主要取决于超疏水表面的动态润湿特性和润湿界面模型。 Designing a superhydrophobic surface for the easy-to-freeze parts of the aircraft surface can greatly reduce the dependence on high-energy anti-deicing technology and thereby improve the fuel economy of the aircraft. Mainly through experimental research and numerical simulation means to analyze and discuss the energy dissipation mechanism of droplet impact on the superhydrophobic surface of graded rough structure. Ti6Al4V substrate was sandblasted to form a micron-sized coarse structure, and then a layer of one-dimensional nanowires was hydrothermally grown in a 1 mol / L NaOH solution of low concentration to construct a micro / nano composite coarse structure and obtain a superhydrophobic surface. The change of microstructure was observed by field emission scanning electron microscope (FE-SEM). The apparent contact angle and contact angle lag of droplets on the sample surface were characterized by dynamic video angle measuring instrument. Based on the composite Level set-VOF method, which is traced by gas-liquid two-phase flow interface, the numerical simulation of droplet impact on superhydrophobic surface is achieved. High-speed camera technology was used to record the movement of impinging droplets on the superhydrophobic surface. The correctness of the simulation method and the spread calculation model were verified by experiments. The energy dissipation in the droplet movement was discussed in detail. The energy dissipation in the process depends mainly on the dynamic wetting behavior of the superhydrophobic surface and the wetting interface model.