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翻译后修饰（post-translational modification, PTM）主要包括磷酸化、泛素化、烷基化、S-亚硝基化和ADP-核糖基化等，能够通过多分子多位点调控含pyrin结构域NOD样受体家族3（NOD-like receptors family pyrin domain containing 3, NLRP3）炎性小体。NLRP3炎性小体激活将造成炎症级联反应不断扩大。而这种炎症反应紊乱是推动脓毒症进展的重要因素。文章详细阐述了NLRP3炎性小体的PTM，并介绍了NLRP3的PTM在脓毒症中的作用，以期干预NLRP3炎性小体的活化，进而调控炎症，为未来脓毒症治疗提供新思路。“,”Post-translational modification (PTM), including phosphorylation, ubiquitination, alkylation, S-nitrosylation and ADP-ribosylation, regulates the NOD-like receptors family pyrin domain containing 3 (NLRP3) inflammasome through multiple molecules and sites. Activation of NLRP3 aggravates inflammatory cascade, which plays an important role in the pathogenesis of sepsis. This review will give a general view of the PTM of NLRP3 inflammasome and its role in sepsis. We expect the intervention of PTM of NLRP3 inflammasome can play a role in antiinflamation and bring new insights to fight against sepsis.